Effect of cadmium aerosol inhalation on alveolar macrophages of the rat

Muhle, H.; Otto, F.; Hochrainer, D.; Baumert, H.-P.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(80)90076-2

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For example, macrophages exposed to nickel dust, SO2, CH20 had an increased phagocytic activity (71,116,127). Chronic exposure to CdCl2 seems to increase phagocytic activity, whereas in vitro and acute inhalation exposure depressed this function (83). Thirty days of exposure to tobacco smoke caused an initial enhancement of phagocytic activity which was later reversed with more chronic exposure, and a definite inhibition of uptake then occurred (88).…”

Section: Alterations In Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of respiratory irritants elicit an active influx of granulocytes from the blood. The accumulation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes in the alveoli has been reported following acute exposure to diesel exhaust (33), 0,3 (56,76), NO2 (77), iron oxide (78), cotton dust (44,79), cigarette smoke (22,80,81), HCI (82) and CdCl2 (38,61,62,83). This rapid influx of PMN has been shown to be dose-related and is a useful measurement parameter for evaluation of a pulmonary inflammatory response.…”

Section: Alterations In Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interferon, a protein synthesized and released by macrophages when induced by viruses or polynucleotides, defends the host against viral infection by inactivating the virus (2,83,160,161). Any impairment in the ability of interferon production by macrophages could be a causative factor for decrease of resistance against respiratory virus infection.…”

Section: Macrophage Defense Against Viral Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in Macrophage Functions by Environmental Chemicals

Gardner¹

1984

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Alterations In Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alterations In Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrophage Defense Against Viral Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in Macrophage Functions by Environmental Chemicals

Gardner¹

1984

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Alterations In Viability and Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in macrophage functions by environmental chemicals.

Gardner¹

1984

Environ Health Perspect

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The establishment of infectious diseases is rarely entirely attributed to a single entity, but instead is the result of a primary stress and one or more secondary factors that interfere with homeostasis and the ability of the host to cope with the primary etiologic assault. Any environmental chemical that can suppress the normal functioning of the host's body defenses would be expected to increase the risk of the host to such diseases. Within the lung, the alveolar macrophages are the crucial elements responsible for defending the body against such airborne viable agents. The effects of inhaled gases and particulates on these defense cells are a major concern of the environmental health scientist since such chemicals have the capability of adversely affecting the integrity and functioning of these pulmonary defense cells. The objective of this report is to provide an overview that will improve our understanding of how a variety of environmental chemicals can alter the biochemical, physiological and immunological functioning of these cells.

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“…Inhaled cadmium chloride and cadmium oxide aero sols can induce an inflammatory reaction in the lung with the influx of polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages (33,61). The significantly increased inciden ce of bronchitis in cadmium workers (3) is also indicative of this effect.…”

Section: Biological and Pathogenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne cadmium and carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract.

Oberdörster¹

1986

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Airborne cadmium and carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract. by Oberdorster G This article in PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3547632 J Work Environ Health 12 (1986) 523 -537 Airborne cadmium and carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract by Gunter Oberdorster, DrMedVet 1 OBERDORSTER G. Airborne cadmium and carci nogenesis of the respirat ory tract. Scand J Work En viron Health 12 (1986) 523-537. Exposure to airborne cadmium occurs mainly at the workplace. Significan t exposure also occurs through smoki ng. Results of a recent epidemiologic stu dy suggest that occupational inhalation of cadmium is connected with an increased lung cancer risk. This finding corrobo rates th e high lung cancer incidence found among rat s after chronic low-level exposure to cadmium chloride aero sols. Differences in the tumor sites, exposur e conditions, and the pulmonary metabolism of cadmium between rod ents and man mak e it diffi cult to extra polate quantitatively from rat s to humans. In contr ast to the workpl ace, concentrations of cadmium in ambient air ar e very low, a nd the risk of lung cancer is probably very low, even for people living close to cadm ium-emitting ind ustries . The chemical form of inhaled cadmium appears to be importa nt. While cadmium oxide and cadmium chloride seem to be equally toxic, cadmium sulfide exhibits a lower acute pulmonary toxicity. However, whether this is also true for carcinogenic effects is not known. Additional long-term inhalation studies with animal s and further evaluat ion of epidemiologic studie s are necessary to answer questions about the carcinogenic potency of cadmium compounds of different chemical form. As long as such results are not available, it is prudent to regard all cadmium compounds as having a carcinogenic potential. REVIEWS Scand

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Effect of cadmium aerosol inhalation on alveolar macrophages of the rat

Cited by 3 publications

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Alterations in Macrophage Functions by Environmental Chemicals

Alterations in Macrophage Functions by Environmental Chemicals

Alterations in macrophage functions by environmental chemicals.

Airborne cadmium and carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract.

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