Effect of C4 alcohol and ester as fuel additives on diesel engine operating characteristics

Musyoka, Shadrack K.; Khalil, Ahmed S. G.; Elwardany, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127656

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is also used as a solvent for the decaffeination of coffee beans. In recent years, ethyl acetate has been mentioned as an interesting potential additive in gasoline [2][3][4]. Indeed, ethyl acetate presents advantages such as a relatively low toxicity, a moderate production cost and a high oxygen content that enhances the octane number of diesel blends [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density, Excess Molar Volume and Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements at 101.3 kPa for Binary Mixtures Containing Ethyl Acetate and a Branched Alkane: Experimental Data and Modeling

Caqueret

Berkalou

Havet

et al. 2023

Liquids

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Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and density data for binary systems of branched alkanes + ethyl acetate are scarce in the literature. In this study, the binary mixtures 3-methylpentane + ethyl acetate and 2,3-dimethylbutane + ethyl acetate were investigated. Density measurements at atmospheric pressure were performed using a vibrating tube density meter at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K. Large and positive excess molar volumes were calculated and correlated using a Redlich–Kister-type equation. Isobaric VLE data at 101.3 kPa were obtained using a Gillespie-type recirculation ebulliometer. Equilibrium compositions were determined indirectly from density measurements. The experimental data were checked for consistency by means of the Fredenslund test and the Wisniak (L-W) test and were then successfully correlated using the NRTL model. The newly studied binary systems display high deviations from ideality and minimum boiling azeotropes, the coordinates of which are reported in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density, Excess Molar Volume and Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements at 101.3 kPa for Binary Mixtures Containing Ethyl Acetate and a Branched Alkane: Experimental Data and Modeling

Caqueret

Berkalou

Havet

et al. 2023

Liquids

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“…Also among them, other oxygenated compounds, such as alcohols and esters obtainable from residual lignocellulosic biomasses, appear extremely promising for use in Diesel engines [14]. For instance, several studies have investigated the employment of light alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-butanol, n-butanol) [15][16][17] and esters (alkyl levulinates) [18,19] in blendstock with Diesel, but their synthesis should always fully respect the criteria of environmental and economic sustainability [20]. Moreover, when short-chain alcohols are directly blended with Diesel, miscibility issues are ascertained, together with low cetane number and low viscosity, which may cause ignition and lubrication problems [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of 1-Hexanol/Hexyl hexanoate Mixtures from Grape Pomace: Insights on Diesel Engine Performances at High Bio-Blendstock Loadings

Frigo,

Raspolli Galletti,

Fulignati

et al. 2023

Energies

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The production of oxygenated bio-additives for traditional fuels represents a key challenge due to their depletion in the near-future and their positive contribution to the reduction in environmental pollution. The present study considers the synthesis of 1-hexanol/hexyl hexanoate mixtures, two oxygenated Diesel bio-additives produced through the hydrogenation of hexanoic acid, obtainable from the fermentation of a wide variety of waste biomasses. In our case, crude hexanoic acid was produced through the fermentation of grape pomace, an abundant Italian agrifood waste. Commercial 5 wt% Re/γ-Al2O3 was adopted for the catalytic hydrogenation of crude hexanoic acid, and the support acidity allowed the tuning of the reaction selectivity toward the formation of hexyl hexanoate, instead of 1-hexanol, reaching yields of 40 and 25 mol%, respectively. The effects of each bio-additive on Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions (soot, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons) were evaluated, highlighting noteworthy positive effects especially on the reduction in carbon monoxide and soot emissions, if compared with those of Diesel fuel alone. Similar promising performances were achieved by employing Diesel blend mixtures of 1-hexanol/hexyl hexanoate, mimicking typical compositions of the rhenium-catalyzed post-hydrogenation mixtures. Even in such cases, 1-hexanol/hexyl hexanoate mixtures can be blended with commercial Diesel fuel, up to high loadings currently not yet investigated (20 vol%), without altering the engine performances and, again, significantly lowering soot and carbon monoxide emissions by more than 40%. This work highlights the possibility of obtaining such oxygenated bio-additives starting from waste through to a fully sustainable process and proves their beneficial effects on the reduction in exhaust emissions with no changes in engine performance.

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Separation of fuel additives based on mechanism analysis and thermodynamic phase behavior

Zhou,

Zhang,

Xue

et al. 2023

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Effect of C4 alcohol and ester as fuel additives on diesel engine operating characteristics

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Density, Excess Molar Volume and Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements at 101.3 kPa for Binary Mixtures Containing Ethyl Acetate and a Branched Alkane: Experimental Data and Modeling

Density, Excess Molar Volume and Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements at 101.3 kPa for Binary Mixtures Containing Ethyl Acetate and a Branched Alkane: Experimental Data and Modeling

Synthesis of 1-Hexanol/Hexyl hexanoate Mixtures from Grape Pomace: Insights on Diesel Engine Performances at High Bio-Blendstock Loadings

Separation of fuel additives based on mechanism analysis and thermodynamic phase behavior

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