“…This suggests that clinicians using standard opioid conversion calculations (Fine, Portenoy, et al 2009) are at risk of underestimating the buprenorphine-naloxone dose that codeine dependent users actually require resulting in poorer clinical outcomes, and also, suggesting that high doses of buprenorphine-naloxone (up to 32mg daily) appears safe and well tolerated by this group of codeine dependent users (Nielsen et al 2015b). While individual dose titration is best practice (Gowing, Ali, Dunlop, Farrell, and Lintzeris 2014) a recommendation that codeine dependent individuals receive similar doses to that of other opioid dependents is suggested (Nielsen, Hillhouse, Mooney, Fahey, and Ling 2012), thereby improving treatment retention (Fareed, Vayalapalli, Casarella, and Drexler 2012).…”