Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a cornual nerve block on indicators of pain and distress during and after cautery dehorning in dairy calves

Martin, Miriam S; Kleinhenz, Michael D.; Viscardi, Abbie V.; Johnson, Blaine T; Montgomery, Shawnee; Lou, Maria E

doi:10.3168/jds.2021-21004

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Based on the results of the present study, the bupivacaine liposome suspension did not have a delayed onset relative to lidocaine, and it was able to control pain for a duration similar to a multimodal approach of lidocaine and meloxicam. In a recent study comparing the effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension to a combination of lidocaine and meloxicam on pain biomarkers at the time of dehorning, similar results were observed for bupivacaine liposome suspension, including an onset similar to lidocaine and duration of pain control similar to a combination of lidocaine and meloxicam ( Martin et al, 2021 ). In the present study, a treatment effect was observed for the following outcomes: front stance time, front limb force, back position, and PGEM concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Serum cortisol concentrations were determined using a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA) following the manufacturer’s specifications with minor modifications as described in Martin et al (2021) . The standard curve was extended to include 1 and 3 ng/mL by diluting the 10 and 30 ng/mL manufacturer-supplied standards 1:10, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample size calculation was performed a priori using serum cortisol means derived from Martin et al (2021) to determine a sample size of seven calves per treatment group. The study was designed to have power exceeding 0.80 assuming a difference in effect size (Δ) of 1.2 ng/mL, a standard error (σ) of 0.8, and a statistical inference level (α) of 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a local anesthetic block on indicators of pain and distress during and after surgical castration in dairy calves

Martin

Kleinhenz

Viscardi

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Castration is a routine procedure performed on beef and dairy operations in the U.S. All methods of castration cause behavioral, physiologic, and neuroendocrine changes associated with pain. The American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners recommend that anesthesia and analgesia be administered at castration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome suspension a novel, long-acting, local anesthetic administered as a nerve block at castration. The authors chose to investigate this novel formulation as an alternative to current industry standards using lidocaine nerve blocks alone, or in combination with meloxicam. Thirty male Holstein calves, 16-20 weeks of age, were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups prior to surgical castration: 1) bupivacaine liposome suspension block + oral placebo (BUP); 2) lidocaine block + oral placebo (LID); 3) lidocaine block + oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg) (LID + MEL); and 4) saline block + oral placebo (CON). Biomarkers were collected at -24 h and from 0 to 120 hours post-castration and included infrared thermography, pressure mat gait analysis, chute defense and behavior scoring (pain and activity), and blood sampling for serum cortisol and prostaglandin E2 metabolites (PGEM). Responses were analyzed using repeated measures, with calf nested in treatment as a random effect, and treatment, time, and their interaction designated as fixed effects. Results from pressure mat gait analysis show the CON had a shorter front limb stance time from baseline (-8.73%; 95% CI: -24.84 to 7.37%) compared to BUP and LID + MEL (> 5.70%; 95% CI: -22.91 to 23.79%) (P < 0.03). The CON tended to have an increase in front limb force from baseline (6.31%; 95% CI: -1.79 to 14.41%) compared to BUP, LID, and LID + MEL (< -5.06%; 95% CI: -14.22 to 0.95%) (P < 0.04). The CON displayed higher counts of hunched standing (2.00; 95% CI: 1.68 to 2.32) compared to LID + MEL (1.43; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.72) (P = 0.05). The CON had higher cortisol concentrations at 24 h (7.70 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.52 to 13.87 ng/mL) relative to BUP (3.11 ng/mL; 95% CI: -2.56 to 8.79 ng/mL) (P = 0.002). At 4 and 24 h, LID + MEL had lower PGEM concentrations from baseline (-32.42% and -47.84%; 95% CI: -78.45 to -1.80%) compared with CON (27.86% and 47.63%; 95% CI: 7.49 to 82.98%) (P < 0.02). Administration of bupivacaine liposome suspension as a local anesthetic block at the time of castration was as effective at controlling pain as a multi-modal approach of lidocaine and meloxicam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a local anesthetic block on indicators of pain and distress during and after surgical castration in dairy calves

Martin

Kleinhenz

Viscardi

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The IRT images captured the medial canthus of the left eye using a research-grade infrared camera (Fluke TiX580, Fluke Corp, Everett, WA) as described in Martin et al (2021) . Infrared images were analyzed using research-specific computer software (SmartView v. 4.3, Fluke Thermography, Plymouth, MN) to determine maximum and minimum temperatures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A commercially available pressure mat kinematic gait analysis system (Walkway, Tekscan Inc., South Boston, MA) was used to record gait and biomechanical parameters as described in Martin et al (2021) . The pressure mat was calibrated using a known mass to ensure the accuracy of the measurements at each timepoint.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pain associated with bovine respiratory disease and its mitigation with flunixin meglumine in cattle with induced bacterial pneumonia

Martin

Kleinhenz

White

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Pleuritic chest pain from bacterial pneumonia is often reported in human medicine. However, studies investigating pain associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess if bacterial pneumonia elicits a pain response in calves with experimentally induced BRD and to determine the analgesic effects of transdermally administered flunixin. Twenty-six calves, 6-7 months of age, with no history of BRD were enrolled into 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) experimentally induced BRD + transdermal flunixin at 3.3 mg/kg twice, 24 h apart (BRD + FTD); (2) experimentally induced BRD + placebo (BRD + PLBO); and (3) sham induction + placebo (CNTL + PLBO). Calves induced with BRD were inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica via bronchoalveolar lavage. Outcomes were collected from -48 to 192 hours post-treatment and included serum cortisol; infrared thermography; mechanical nociceptive threshold; substance P; kinematic gait analysis; visual analog scale (VAS); clinical illness score; computerized lung score; average activity and rumination level; prostaglandin E2 metabolite; plasma serum amyloid A and rectal temperature. Outcomes were evaluated using either a generalized logistic mixed model for categorical variables or a generalized linear mixed model for continuous variables. Right front force differed by treatment (P = 0.01). The BRD + PLBO had lower mean force applied to the right front limb (85.5 kg) compared to BRD + FTD (96.5 kg) (P < 0.01). Average VAS differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). The VAS scores differed for BRD + PLBO at -48 (3.49 mm) compared to 168 and 192 h (13.49 and 13.64 mm, respectively) (P < 0.01). Activity for BRD + PLBO was higher at -48 h (27 min/h) compared to 48, 72, 120 and 168 h (≤ 22.24 min/h) (P < 0.01). Activity differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). Activity for BRD + FTD was higher at -48 and 0 h (28.2 and 28.2 min/h, respectively) compared to 48, 72, 96 and 168 h (≤ 23.7 min/h) (P < 0.01). Results show a combination of reduced activity levels, decreased force on the right front limb, and increased visual analog scale pain scores all support that bacterial pneumonia in cattle is painful. Differences in right front force indicate that flunixin transdermal may attenuate certain pain biomarkers in cattle with BRD. These findings suggest that BRD is painful and analgesic drugs may improve the humane aspects of care for cattle with BRD.

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Indication of social buffering in disbudded calves

Bučková

Moravcsíková²,

Šárová³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Most dairy calves are housed individually in early ontogeny but social housing has positive effects on calf welfare including an advantage of social buffering, i.e., when negative effects of stress are mitigated through social support of conspecific. The effects of social buffering has not yet been examined in relation to disbudding; a painful husbandry procedure commonly performed on young dairy calves. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pair versus individual housing on calves’ behavioral reaction to disbudding. In total 52 female calves were randomly allocated either to individual (n = 16) or pair housing (n = 36, 18 focal). Calves were hot-iron disbudded with a local anesthetic and their spontaneous behavior in home pens was recorded for 24 h pre- and post-disbudding. Eating forage, ruminating, resting, exploration, play, self-grooming, and pain-related behaviors were quantified during eight 20 min intervals during the 24 h periods pre- as well as post-disbudding. In pair-housed (PAIR) calves social resting, active and passive allo-grooming were additionally recorded. The differences between individually housed (INDI, n = 10) and PAIR calves (n = 12) were tested by general linear models. The changes in pre- and post-disbudding behaviors in all calves as well as in social behaviors of PAIR calves were tested by paired t-test. We found that head shaking (t = − 3.46, P = 0.0024), head rubbing (t = 4.96, P < 0.0001) and self-grooming (t = 2.11, P = 0.04) increased in all calves after disbudding. Eating forage increased only in PAIR calves (t = 2.50, P = 0.030) which also resulted in a difference between treatments with PAIR calves fed more often than INDI calves (F1,18 = 12.96, P = 0.002). Differences in eating forage may be an indication of improved ability of PAIR calves to recover from disbudding. No other significant differences were detected between treatment groups which might have been caused by our limited sample. Our results provide the first evidence that housing treatment affects calves’ reactions to disbudding, with possible indication of social buffering.

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Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a cornual nerve block on indicators of pain and distress during and after cautery dehorning in dairy calves

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a local anesthetic block on indicators of pain and distress during and after surgical castration in dairy calves

Effect of bupivacaine liposome suspension administered as a local anesthetic block on indicators of pain and distress during and after surgical castration in dairy calves

Assessment of pain associated with bovine respiratory disease and its mitigation with flunixin meglumine in cattle with induced bacterial pneumonia

Indication of social buffering in disbudded calves

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