Effect of Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Addition on Nutritional and Quality Characteristics of Yellow, Blue, and Red Maize Tortillas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of incorporating Macrocystis pyrifera into yellow, blue, and red maize masa and tortillas. The nutritional composition and mineral content of tortillas was determined, and the color, texture, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of masas and tortillas were measured. The addition of seaweed led to a significant decrease in moisture and a significant increase in ash, protein, and fiber, while no differences were observed in the lipid and carbohydrate content. There was a significant increase in all analyzed minerals (Na, Ca, P, K, and Mg). Tortillas weighed 24.54 ± 1.02 g, had a diameter of 11.00 ± 0.79 cm, and a thickness of 0.32 ± 0.09 cm. All color parameters were significantly affected by seaweed concentration. The hardness of the masas was 2.18–22.32 N, and the values of the perforation test of the tortillas were 1.40–4.55 N. The TPC of the masas and tortillas was measured in water and methanol:water extracts. Results were higher in the water extracts (1141.59–23,323.48 mg GAE/100 g masa and 838.06–2142.34 mg GAE/100 g tortilla). Antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was higher for methanol:water extracts (14,051.96–44,928.75 µmol TE/100 g masa and 14,631.47–47,327.69 µmol TE/100 g tortilla).

Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols and Other Micronutrients of Marine Origin

“…Ishige okamurae (P) Phlorotannins Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective [45,46] Kappaphycus alvarezii (R) (Figure 1g) Chlorogenic and salicylic acid Antioxidant, antimicrobial [47][48][49] Laminaria digitata (P) (Figure 1h) Phlorotannins Antioxidant [50,51] Lessonia spicata (P) Phlorotannins Antioxidant, photoprotective [52,53] Macrocystis pyrifera (P) Phlorotannins: phloroeckol and phloroglucinol Antioxidant and antidiabetic [54,55] Monostroma grevillei (C) Polyphenol extract Antiviral [23] Neorhodomela larix (R) Polyphenol extract Antioxidant [19,56] Padiana boryana (P) Ellagic acid and velutin Antimicrobial and antiprotozoal [57] Padina boergesenii (P) Phenolic compounds Antioxidant and photo-protective [58] Padina gymnospora (P) (Figure 1i) Phenolic compounds, flavonoids Antioxidant, antibacterial [59,60] Polysiphonia morrowii (R) 5-bromo-3,4dihydroxybenzaldehyde Anti-adipogenesis [61] Polycladia myrica (P) Phlorotannins Antioxidant, Antibacterial and photo-protective [62] Rhodomela confervoides (R) Bromophenols Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic [63][64][65] Sargassum muticum (P) (Figure 1j) Phlorotannins, dieckol Antioxidant, antibacterial, tyrosinase and elastase inhibition [66,67] S. vulgare (P) (Figure 1k) Phlorotannins Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antifungal, pancreatic lipase and anti-inflammatory [13,68,69] S. thunbergii (P) Phenolic compounds, phlorotannins Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and photoprotective [70][71]…”