Effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on bacterial translocation in burned or septic rats

Wen, Zhenliang; Zhang, Li-Di; Liu, Shao-Ze; Liu, Jiao; Chen, Yizhu; Chen, Dechang

doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000242

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Currently, BT is an immune deficiency that may be acquired or caused by genetic susceptibility and functions in tandem as a pathophysiological perpetrator for most cirrhosis-related bacterial infections. 29 BT exists in healthy conditions but is elevated in cirrhosis, and therefore is considered to be pathological BT. Nevertheless, studies on the relationship between antibiotic therapy and BT are rare, but in a study by Wen et al 29 conducted on the frequent use of antibiotics and the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on BT in experimental rat models of burn or sepsis injury, it was observed that broad-spectrum antibiotics promote BT in burned rats but prevent BT in septic rats, thereby preventing the spread of BT to distant organs, such as the liver and lungs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 BT exists in healthy conditions but is elevated in cirrhosis, and therefore is considered to be pathological BT. Nevertheless, studies on the relationship between antibiotic therapy and BT are rare, but in a study by Wen et al 29 conducted on the frequent use of antibiotics and the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on BT in experimental rat models of burn or sepsis injury, it was observed that broad-spectrum antibiotics promote BT in burned rats but prevent BT in septic rats, thereby preventing the spread of BT to distant organs, such as the liver and lungs. In agreement with those findings, our study outcomes clearly indicated that early initiation of AEA therapy led to a higher survival rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy and Pattern of Antibiotic Usage Among Patients with Cirrhosis and/or Chronic Liver Disease in Telangana, India

Kamila¹,

Gurunath²,

Srinivas³

et al. 2020

Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine

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Background and objectives: The most common Gram-negative bacteria, such as enteric bacilli, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Gram-positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus spp., are seen in patients suffering from cirrhosis and/or chronic liver diseases. The objective of this prospective observational study was to compare the efficacy and pattern of antibiotic use in patients with bacterial translocation. Methods: This 10-month study was conducted at the Gastroenterology Department of the KIMS hospital, Telangana, India. The patients were more than 18 years of age (n = 60) and diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and/ or chronic liver diseases. All data was analyzed statistically, at a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Among the 60 patients, the Child-Pugh-Turcotte scores were A in 30%, B in 35% and C in 14%. White blood cell count was reduced from 12,620 ± 1,266 (before treatment) to 8,385 ± 944 (after treatment with antibiotics; p < 0.05). Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase values were reduced from 360.1 ± 87.3 (before treatment) to 141.9 ± 37.9 (after treatment with antibiotics therapy (p < 0.001), whereas serum bilirubin values were reduced from 6.064 ± 0.91 (Before treatment) to 3.514 ± 0.44 (after treatment with antibiotics therapy; p < 0.0001). The mortality rate was 6.6 %, i.e. only 4 patients died post-treatment. It was also observed that meropenem was prescribed in the majority of cases and norfloxacin was the least prescribed of all antibiotics. Conclusions: Our study suggests that antibiotic treatment might be effective for patients suffering with cirrhosis or chronic liver diseases with improved life expectancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Pattern of Antibiotic Usage Among Patients with Cirrhosis and/or Chronic Liver Disease in Telangana, India

Kamila¹,

Gurunath²,

Srinivas³

et al. 2020

Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine

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“…Antibiotics are reported to affect the inflammatory process and ameliorate intestinal microcirculation in sepsis [107]. It was recently demonstrated that broad-spectrum antibiotics prevent BT to distant organs such as the liver and lungs in septic rats [108]. There is, however, evidence that broad-spectrum antibiotics can lead to an imbalance in the intestinal micro ecological environment, promote BT in sepsis, and cause drug resistance and pathogenicity, especially when MODS develops [109].…”

Section: Selective Elimination Of Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Bacterial Translocation and Inflammation: Deathly Triad in Sepsis

Uçar¹,

Uçar²

2021

Infections and Sepsis Development

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Sepsis, as a complex entity, comprises multiple pathophysiological mechanisms which bring about high morbidity and mortality. The previous studies showed that the gastrointestinal tract is damaged during sepsis, and its main symptoms include increased permeability, bacterial translocation (BT), and malabsorption. BT is the invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria via the gut mucosa to other tissues. It occurs in pathological conditions such as disruption of the intestine’s ecological balance and mucosal barrier permeability, immunosuppression, and oxidative stress through transcellular/paracellular pathways and initiate an excessive systemic inflammatory response. Thereby, recent clinical and preclinical studies focus on the association between sepsis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. This chapter overviews the current knowledge about the molecular basis of BT of the intestine, its role in the progress of sepsis, detection of BT, and actual therapeutic approaches.

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“…Sepsis is a syndrome caused by uncontrolled inflammation in response to infection, which could lead to lifethreatening organ damage and dysfunction, and even be fatal. [1][2][3] Sepsis-induced intestinal injury promotes the translocation of intestinal bacteria and toxins, [4,5] which exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response and accelerates the pathological process of sepsis. [5] Liu et al [6] have shown that approximately half of all patients with sepsis develop gastrointestinal dysfunction, and the case fatality rate for patients with sepsis doubles when intestinal dysfunction occurs compared with that for patients without intestinal dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activating transcription factor 4 protects mice against sepsis-induced intestinal injury by regulating gut-resident macrophages differentiation

Wen

Chen

Xiong

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background:Gut-resident macrophages (gMacs) supplemented by monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in immune cell differentiation. We therefore set out to investigate the role of ATF4-regulated monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in sepsis-induced intestinal injury.Methods:Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice and Atf4-knockdown (Atf4+/−) mice by cecal ligation and puncture or administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colon, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sera, lung, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results:CD64, CD11b, Ly6C, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CX3CR1, Ly6G, and SSC were identified as optimal primary markers for detecting the process of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in the colon of WT mice. Monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation was impaired in the colon during sepsis and was associated with decreased expression of ATF4 in P1 (Ly6Chi monocytes), the precursor cells of gMacs. Atf4 knockdown exacerbated the impairment of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in response to LPS, resulting in a significant reduction of gMacs in the colon. Furthermore, compared with WT mice, Atf4+/− mice exhibited higher pathology scores, increased expression of inflammatory factor genes (TNF-α, IL-1β), suppressed expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin in the colon, and increased translocation of intestinal bacteria to lymph nodes and lungs following exposure to LPS. However, the aggravation of sepsis-induced intestinal injury resulting from Atf4 knockdown was not caused by the enhanced inflammatory effect of Ly6Chi monocytes and gMacs.Conclusion:ATF4, as a novel regulator of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation, plays a critical role in protecting mice against sepsis-induced intestinal injury, suggesting that ATF4 might be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis treatment.

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Effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on bacterial translocation in burned or septic rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Efficacy and Pattern of Antibiotic Usage Among Patients with Cirrhosis and/or Chronic Liver Disease in Telangana, India

Efficacy and Pattern of Antibiotic Usage Among Patients with Cirrhosis and/or Chronic Liver Disease in Telangana, India

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Bacterial Translocation and Inflammation: Deathly Triad in Sepsis

Activating transcription factor 4 protects mice against sepsis-induced intestinal injury by regulating gut-resident macrophages differentiation

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