Effect of bright annealing on stainless steel 304 formability in tube hydroforming

Thanakijkasem, Purit; Uthaisangsuk, Vitoon; Pattarangkun, A.; Mahabunphachai, Sasawat

doi:10.1007/s00170-014-5933-1

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…en, a bright annealing is performed to improve the formability of the tube. It is heated gradually from room temperature to 1050°C in a protective atmosphere, held for 30 minutes, and then cooled down in air [9], as seen in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Figure 10. us, the most optimal mechanical properties of the SS304 tube for the hydroforming process are provided.…”

Section: Fine Design Of the Partition-formingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is study showed that the bending operation might consume most of the formability of the tube, the fracture failure sometimes occurred outside of the bending, and the maximum work hardening e ect takes place around the rear end of the bend section. anakijkasem et al [9] considered e ects of bright annealing in the tube hydroforming process. For 304 stainless steel, during the forming deformation, the induced martensitic transformation takes place at the deformed area in an anisotropic way, leading to the development of texture and working hardening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroforming Process for an Ultrasmall Bending Radius Elbow

Ruan

Lang

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Bent pipes are widely used in automotive, aviation, and aerospace industries for delivering fluids. Parts having small relative bending radiuses are called elbows. However, fabricating a thin-walled elbow part using the simple bending process poses many challenges. One possible way to manufacture elbows is with the stamping-welding process. The major drawbacks of this method include the decline in sealing performance and the addition in weight attributed to the lap welding process. Tube hydroforming (THF) is considered as a feasible solution to these problems. However, the forming process could be quite complex, and multistep forming is necessary. This study investigates the effects of preliminary processes on elbow forming such as bending, partition forming, and heat treatment and presents a high-performance optimized process design to achieve an ultrasmall radius elbow. The effects of multistep forming on the thickness distribution and the heat treatment on the microstructure have been evaluated. The results obtained from simulations show a reasonable agreement with those from the experiments.

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Section: Fine Design Of the Partition-formingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroforming Process for an Ultrasmall Bending Radius Elbow

Ruan

Lang

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Tube hydroforming (THF) involves the use of controlled internal pressure to expand a tube into a T-shaped part. Despite being one of the most widely used methods [6, 7], the THF process has some drawbacks, such as long cycle time, expensive specialized equipment [8–11], and limited applicability in high pressure environments due to fluid leakage, as well as in high temperature environments due to low fluid evaporation and ignition temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method to produce T-shaped tubular fittings with experimental and simulation results

et al. 2019

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A tube is an important structural element for fluid manipulation in piped networks in many industries. Tube branching is achieved using tube fittings of various shapes, including T, Y, X, and L shapes. This study proposes a new innovative technique to produce T-shaped tubular fittings. The technique uses a specially designed die setup where a tube is placed inside a T-shaped die cavity and a metallic insert is used to deform the tube into the cavity, creating the T-fitting shape. Experimental and numerical methods are used to evaluate the process. The main outcome of this research is the successful creation of T-shaped copper tube fittings using a technique similar to tube hydroforming without the need for internal pressure. This technique could be modified to assist the production of T-fittings with thicknesses outside the hydroforming limits.

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“…ASSs are known to have good formability, excellent corrosion resistance, and good weldability [1][2][3]. However, in some industrial applications, the good formability of ASSs may still not be satisfactory [4,5]. For example, in deep drawing of consumer electric components using ASSs, the forming process is frequently composed of two (or multiple) forming stages with heat treatment between the forming stages, due to the formability of the ASSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furnace annealing between forming stages is a commercially well-established heat treatment process to control the formability of an ASS in a two-or multiple-stage forming process. A deformed part is heat-treated in a certain temperature range (800-1100 • C) for a specified duration (usually from 30 to 45 min) [4,5] before the next forming stage. While furnace annealing can effectively restore the formability of the product by annihilating strain hardening from the previous forming stage, furnace annealing frequently becomes quite time-consuming and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a Two-Stage Forming Process of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steels with Rapid Electrically Assisted Annealing

Luu

Nguyen

Hong

et al. 2018

Metals

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The post-annealing mechanical behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel (SUS316L) after electrically assisted (EA) annealing with a single pulse of electric current is experimentally investigated to evaluate the feasibility of a two-stage forming process of the selected SUS316L with rapid EA annealing. A tensile specimen is deformed to a specific prestrain and then annealed by applying a single pulse of electric current with a short duration less than 1 s. Finally, the specimen is reloaded until fracture. The stress-strain curve during reloading shows that the flow stress of the SUS316L significantly decreases, which indicates the occurrence of EA annealing. The electric current also increases the maximum achievable elongation of the SUS316L during reloading. The stress-strain curve during reloading and the microstructural observation suggest that the effects of EA annealing on the post-annealing mechanical behavior and microstructure strongly depend on both the applied electric current density (electric current per unit cross-sectional area) and the given prestrain. The results of the present study suggest that the EA annealing technique could be effectively used to improve the formability of SUS316L when manufacturing complex parts.

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Effect of bright annealing on stainless steel 304 formability in tube hydroforming

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Hydroforming Process for an Ultrasmall Bending Radius Elbow

Hydroforming Process for an Ultrasmall Bending Radius Elbow

A new method to produce T-shaped tubular fittings with experimental and simulation results

Feasibility of a Two-Stage Forming Process of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steels with Rapid Electrically Assisted Annealing

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