Effect of bombarding energy of N ions on composition, hardness and surface free energy of carbon nitride films

Wei, Songbo; Shao, Tianmin; Xu, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.03.065

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Vlcak [29] demonstrated that 45 keV nitrogen ion bombardment modified the carbon bonds in defect sp 2 and defect sp 3 hybridization, resulting in graphitisation of the carbon. The conversion of sp 3 bonds to sp 2 bonds with increasing ion energy also confirmed Han et al [42] and Wei et al [43].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 79%

Tribomechanical Properties of a Carbon-Based Nanolayer Prepared by Nitrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition for Finger Joint Replacements

Horažďovský

Vrbová

2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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This paper presents the tribomechanical test results of Ti6Al4V alloy modified by carbon-based nanolayers with a thickness of 20 nm and 40 nm, prepared by nitrogen ion beam assisted deposition. The presence of carbon and nitrogen compounds was observed in the modified surface after ion bombardment. Nonstoichiometric TiNx was mainly detected near the interface nanolayer/titanium substrate and in the substrate itself. Ion bombardment led to an improved surface hardness of ~13 GPa in comparison to unmodified Ti6Al4V titanium alloy (~5.5 GPa) and alloy coated by carbon nanolayer without nitrogen ion assistance (~7 GPa). The decreasing of friction coefficient was achieved from 0.5–0.6 for untreated Ti6Al4V alloy to 0.1 for treated Ti6Al4V alloy. Wear testing using a joint wear simulator proved that the modified Ti6Al4V alloy has a higher resistance compared to the unmodified Ti6Al4V alloy. The primary local wear fault of the treated surface was observed after 240,000 cycles in comparison to enormous wear on the untreated surface after just 10,000 cycles. Treating the Ti6Al4V load-bearing components of implants with carbon-based nanolayers assisted by nitrogen ions is very promising in terms of extending the lifetime of implants and thereby reduces patient burden.

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Section: Raman Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 79%

Tribomechanical Properties of a Carbon-Based Nanolayer Prepared by Nitrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition for Finger Joint Replacements

Horažďovský

Vrbová

2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…By measuring the contact angle, surface tension could be calculated using Owens–Wendt formula. The formula of surface tension is as follows:

γ_{s} = {γ_{s}}^{p} + {γ_{s}}^{d}

where γ s is the surface tension, γ s d is the dispersion component of surface tension and γ s p is the polarity component of surface tension. γ s d and γ s p could be calculated by Owens–Wendt formula:

{({γ_{s}}^{d})}^{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{γ_{f} ((), normalcos θ_{f} + 1) - \sqrt{({γ_{f}}^{p} / {γ_{w}}^{p})} γ_{w} ((), normalcos θ_{w} + 1)}{2 ((), \sqrt{{γ_{f}}^{d}} - \sqrt{{γ_{f}}^{p} ((), {γ_{w}}^{d} / {γ_{w}}^{p})})}

{({γ_{s}}^{p})}^{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{γ_{w} ((), normalcos θ_{w} + 1) - 2 \sqrt{({γ_{s}}^{d} {γ_{w}}^{d})}}{2 ((), \sqrt{{γ_{w}}^{p}})}

where γ f γ f is the surface tension of formamide, γ f d and γ f p are the dispersion component and polarity component of the surface tension of formamide, respectively.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and antimicrobial applications of the inclusion complexes of β‐cyclodextrin copolymers with potassium sorbate

Cao

Liu

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Four inclusion complexes were synthesized from β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) copolymers and potassium sorbate (PSA) using the self‐assembly principle. Reactive β‐CD monomers carrying unsaturated ester functional groups [β‐CD‐acryloyl chloride (AC)] were synthesized from β‐CD and AC and copolymerized with styrene to obtain β‐CD copolymers of the general formula poly(β‐CD‐AC‐co‐St). These β‐CD copolymers having cavity structures were complexed with PSA to obtain the corresponding inclusion complexes of the general formula poly(β‐CD‐AC‐co‐St)/PSA. These complexes were added to the polystyrene (PS) sheets, as an antibacterial additive, to inhibit the adhesion and growth of bacteria on its surface. The chemical and physical structures of copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and the slow release performance was investigated using ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results showed that the composition of the copolymers and their molecular weight could be controlled by changing the rate of charge while the rate and the amount of slow release could be controlled by altering the content of β‐CD in the copolymer. The PS sheets containing the inclusion complexes exhibited excellent antibacterial activity that significantly reduced the adhesion of yeast and Staphylococcus aureus to its surface. With the increase of the β‐CD content in the copolymers, they contained more of PSA and their bacteriostatic property became more pronounced. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46885.

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“…The correspondence between bonding configuration and nanoindentation hardness can be explained by the formula H~(E b × a c ) / d 2 (the hardness defined by the product of binding energy E b and the covalency a c divided by the square of bond length d) [46]. The short length and tetrahedrally bonded sp 3 hybridization bonding helps to build threedimensional structure like diamond and makes CN x films more rigid [47]. However, the maximum film hardness of 8.35 GPa obtained at − 40 V (5.1 GPa for the reference films) is much lower than the hardness reported in references [11][12][13][48][49][50].…”

Section: Composition and Chemical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a-CN films prepared by bias voltage assisted PLD with carbon nitride target

Zheng

Yang

Chen

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN x ) films were deposited on silicon substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) with a carbon nitride target and a negative bias voltage up to −120 V. The microstructure, chemical composition, bonding configuration and mechanical properties of the films were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation and ball-on-disc abrasion test. The results show that the negative bias voltage promotes the formation of sp 3 hybridization bonding and leads to a great improvement of nitrogen content (up to 38 at.%) in the films. With an increasing bias voltage from −40 V to −120 V, the nitrogen content and the fraction of sp 3 hybridization bonding decrease, leading to an increase in graphitization of the films. A direct dependence of the hardness on the content of sp 3 hybridization bonding is observed. The friction coefficient of the films ranges from 0.20 to 0.28. The film deposited at a bias voltage of −40 V presents the highest hardness value of 8.3 GPa.

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Effect of bombarding energy of N ions on composition, hardness and surface free energy of carbon nitride films

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Tribomechanical Properties of a Carbon-Based Nanolayer Prepared by Nitrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition for Finger Joint Replacements

Tribomechanical Properties of a Carbon-Based Nanolayer Prepared by Nitrogen Ion Beam Assisted Deposition for Finger Joint Replacements

Synthesis and antimicrobial applications of the inclusion complexes of β‐cyclodextrin copolymers with potassium sorbate

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a-CN films prepared by bias voltage assisted PLD with carbon nitride target

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