Effect of body position on intraocular pressure in dogs without glaucoma

Broadwater, Joshua J.; Schorling, Jamie J.; Herring, Ian P.; Elvinger, François

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.4.527

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In other studies, IOP increases in a range of species were observed with jugular compression. [23-25] Thus, manual restraint method should be reported and carefully considered when interpreting IOP data in red-eared slider turtles, and rostral head or no manual restraint are preferred, due to the lack of significant effect on IOP. In addition, head and body position was shown to impact IOP in a range of species,[11, 23, 26] but both were consistent across groups in our study as turtles were consistently supported with their head and body in a horizontal position during all restraint methods evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of rebound tonometry in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Delgado

Mans

McLellan

et al. 2013

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To evaluate feasibility and accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by rebound tonometry in adult red-eared slider turtles and determine the effects of manual and chemical restraint on IOP. Animal studied Seventeen adult red-eared slider turtles. Procedures IOP was measured with TonoLab® and TonoVet® tonometers in conscious, unrestrained turtles. To evaluate the effects of manual restraint, turtles were restrained by digital pressure on the rostral head or proximal neck. The effect of two chemical restraint protocols (dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam [DKM] and dexmedetomidine, ketamine [DK] subcutaneously) on IOP was evaluated. Triplicate TonoLab® and TonoVet® readings were compared to direct manometry in 3 ex vivo turtle eyes. Results TonoLab® correlated better with manometry at IOPs <45 mm Hg than TonoVet® (linear regression slopes of 0.89 and 0.30 respectively). Mean (±SD) IOP in unrestrained conscious turtles was significantly lower (P<0.01) with TonoLab® (10.02 ± 0.66 mmHg) than with TonoVet® (11.32 ± 1.57 mmHg). Manual neck restraint caused a significant increase in IOP (+6.31 ± 5.59 mmHg), while manual rostral head restraint did not. Both chemical restraint protocols significantly reduced IOP (DKM: −1.0 ± 0.76 mmHg,; DK: −1.79 ± 1.17) compared to measurements in conscious unrestrained turtles. Conclusions Chemical and manual neck restraint affected IOP. Rostral head restraint had no significant effect on IOP and is, therefore, recommended as the appropriate restraint technique in red-eared-slider turtles. TonoLab® measurements estimated actual IOP more accurately, within physiologic range, than measurements obtained using the TonoVet®.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of rebound tonometry in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Delgado

Mans

McLellan

et al. 2013

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…5,11,26,31,35 Proposed physiologic mechanisms for this relationship include changes in episcleral venous pressure, ophthalmic arterial pressure, and gravitational pull on blood. 7,27,29 In American flamingos mean IOP by rebound tonometry was significantly higher with the head down in a feeding posture compared with the head upright in a standing posture. 35 A study in raptor species compared median IOP in upright and dorsally recumbent postures.…”

Section: Species (P) a Study In Black-footed Penguins Reported Iop Mmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The authors proposed acclimatization as the reason for this finding. 7 It is possible that the difference in IOP pre-and postexamination in the macaroni population reflects a similar process of acclimatization.…”

Section: Species (P) a Study In Black-footed Penguins Reported Iop Mmentioning

confidence: 98%

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN SOUTHERN ROCKHOPPER (EUDYPTES CHRYSOCOME) AND MACARONI PENGUINS (EUDYPTES CHRYSOLOPHUS): EVALUATION OF INFLUENCING FACTORS

Woodhouse¹,

Peterson

Schmitt

et al. 2016

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Ophthalmic examinations were performed on 160 macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and 90 southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) at eight North American zoos and aquaria. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using rebound tonometry while penguins were held in two different body positions. Correlations between IOP and factors including age, body position, eye pathology, and housing parameters were evaluated. Normal macaroni penguins had a mean IOP of 42.0 ± 9.7 mm Hg. Normal rockhopper penguins had a mean IOP of 32.9 ± 6.2 mm Hg. Neither species had significantly different IOP between sexes or between left and right eyes of the same penguin. In both species, there was a negative linear correlation between age and IOP. In the macaroni population, IOP was significantly higher when IOP measurement was performed before ophthalmic exam; this was not true in rockhoppers. In both species, IOP measured in a horizontal body position was significantly higher than IOP measured in a vertical body position. In both species, eyes with corneal lesions had significantly lower IOP than normal eyes. In the macaroni penguin, eyes with rubeosis iridis had significantly lower IOP than normal eyes. In macaroni penguins, eyes with cataracts had significantly lower mean IOP than normal eyes; this was not true for rockhoppers.

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“…Ideally, the animal should be resting quietly and its head should be the same distance above the heart at each interval. 39 Resisting application of the tonometer by nervous or excited dogs, or dogs that are moving, often results in inaccurate readings and may cause the clinician to believe that increased IOP is present when in fact it is absent. In stressed or uncooperative animals, these errors can be very large.…”

Section: Techniques That Evaluate Intraocular Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Signs and Diagnosis of the Canine Primary Glaucomas

Miller

Bentley

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Effect of body position on intraocular pressure in dogs without glaucoma

Abstract: Body position affects IOP in dogs. When IOP is measured in dogs, body position should be recorded and consistent among repeat evaluations.

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of rebound tonometry in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Evaluation of rebound tonometry in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN SOUTHERN ROCKHOPPER (EUDYPTES CHRYSOCOME) AND MACARONI PENGUINS (EUDYPTES CHRYSOLOPHUS): EVALUATION OF INFLUENCING FACTORS

Clinical Signs and Diagnosis of the Canine Primary Glaucomas

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