Effect of body position on indirect measurement of systolic arterial blood pressure in dogs

Rondeau, Danielle A.; Mackalonis, Megan E.; Hess, Rebecka S.

doi:10.2460/javma.242.11.1523

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…18 A recent study reported a significantly higher mean SBP and less repeatable measurements in dogs in a sitting positing compared with lateral recumbency. 56 Although the position could be a cause for some of the increased measurements in our study, the fact that these animals did not tolerate recumbency could also indicate more stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs

Willems

Paepe

Marynissen

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThere is a growing interest in health care of elderly dogs; however, scientific information about physical and laboratory examination findings in this age group is limited.ObjectivesTo describe systolic blood pressure (SBP), and results of physical examination and laboratory tests in senior and geriatric dogs that were judged by the owner to be healthy.AnimalsHundred client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs were prospectively recruited. Owners completed a questionnaire. SBP measurement, physical, orthopedic and neurologic examination, direct fundoscopy and Schirmer tear test were performed. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis were evaluated.ResultsForty‐one senior and 59 geriatric dogs were included. Mean SBP was 170 ± 38 mmHg, and 53 dogs had SBP > 160 mmHg. Thirty‐nine animals were overweight. A heart murmur was detected in 22, severe calculus in 21 and 1 or more (sub)cutaneous masses in 56 dogs. Thirty‐two dogs had increased serum creatinine, 29 hypophosphatemia, 27 increased ALP, 25 increased ALT, and 23 leukopenia. Crystalluria, mostly amorphous crystals, was commonly detected (62/96). Overt proteinuria and borderline proteinuria were detected in 13 and 18 of 97 dogs, respectively. Four dogs had a positive urine bacterial culture. Frequency of orthopedic problems, frequency of (sub)cutaneous masses, and platelet count were significantly higher in geriatric compared with senior dogs. Body temperature, hematocrit, serum albumin, and serum total thyroxine concentration were significantly lower in geriatric compared with senior dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePhysical and laboratory abnormalities are common in apparently healthy elderly dogs. Veterinarians play a key role in implementing health screening and improving health care for elderly pets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs

Willems

Paepe

Marynissen

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Several previous studies have also identified discordance between indirect and direct blood pressure measurements taken at different sites (Bodey & Michell, 1996; Rondeau, Mackalonis & Hess, 2013; Acierno et al, 2015). Bodey & Michell (1996) found oscillometric systolic blood pressure measurements were significantly lower at the coccygeal artery compared to the radial artery in standing dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This could have led to a greater discrepancy in results than would have been observed had the dogs all been positioned in sternal recumbency for coccygeal readings. The impact of body position on indirect blood pressure measurement is further highlighted by the results of Rondeau, Mackalonis, and Hess, in which the mean SAP in conscious dogs measured on the forelimb was significantly higher in the sitting position than in lateral recumbency (Rondeau, Mackalonis & Hess, 2013). Finally, significant differences have been noted in direct SAP measurements collected at different anatomic sites, particularly at the carpus and hindlimb (Acierno et al, 2015), suggesting an anatomic basis for discordance in pressures at different sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, oscillometry can underestimate increased SAP and overestimate decreased SAP, resulting in failure to diagnose hyper- and hypotension, respectively (Sawyer, Guikema & Siegel, 2004; Sawyer et al, 1991; Gains et al, 1995; Bodey et al , 1996; Wernick et al, 2012; Vachon, Belanger & Burns, 2014). In addition to the variability that exists between the two methods described above, both the location of cuff placement, as well as the body position of the animal, can significantly affect the accuracy of indirect blood pressure measurements (Bodey et al, 1994; Bodey et al , 1996; Rondeau, Mackalonis & Hess, 2013; Scansen et al, 2014). Selection of an appropriately-sized blood pressure cuff also impacts the accuracy of indirect blood pressure measurements, with cuff-size inversely correlated with blood pressure measurement results (Valtonen & Eriksson, 1970; Bodey et al, 1994; Sparkes et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of various factors on Doppler flow ultrasonic radial and coccygeal artery systolic blood pressure measurements in privately-owned, conscious dogs

Mooney

Mawby

Price

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of age, body condition score (BCS) and muscle condition score (MCS) on indirect radial and coccygeal Doppler systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) measurements in dogs.MethodsSixty-two privately-owned dogs were enrolled between June and July 2016. The BCS and MCS were determined by two investigators. Blood pressure was measured per published guidelines and using headphones, and the order of measurement site was randomized. Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency for radial measurements and sternal recumbency or standing for coccygeal measurements. Associations between SAP and other variables were assessed by correlation coefficients and analysis of covariance.ResultsRadial and coccygeal SAP measurements were moderately correlated (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). Radial SAP measurements were higher than coccygeal SAP measurements (mean difference 9 mmHg, P < 0.01), but discordance occurred in both directions. No difference was observed between the first measurement taken, the average of measurements 2–6, or the average of all 6 measurements for either the radial (128, 129, and 129 mmHg; P = 0.36) or coccygeal (121, 122, and 122 mmHg; P = 0.82) site. Associations were not found between SAP measurements for either site and age, weight, BCS, MCS, anxiety score, or cuff size. Heart rate decreased significantly from the start of acclimation to the end of the first data collection series regardless of site (P < 0.01).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceInitial measurement site can be based on patient and operator preference given lack of associations with patient variables, but the same site should be used for serial SAP measurements given discordant results between sites.

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“…Blood pressure measurement results in normal animals are highly variable based on breed, temperament, patient position, measurement method, operator experience, and intrapatient variability, and it is difficult to determine a single value and range that might be applicable to all dogs or cats. Ranges of expected values in many studies of normal dogs and cats using various measurement techniques are presented in Table .…”

Section: Normal Values For Canine and Feline Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats

Acierno

Brown

Coleman

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

390

601

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An update to the 2007 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus statement on the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats was presented at the 2017 ACVIM Forum in National Harbor, MD. The updated consensus statement is presented here. The consensus statement aims to provide guidance on appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in dogs and cats.

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Effect of body position on indirect measurement of systolic arterial blood pressure in dogs

Abstract: Blood pressure measurements in dogs were significantly affected by body position, and they were higher for most dogs when sitting rather than laterally recumbent. Blood pressure measurements in the laterally recumbent body position were less variable than in the sitting position.

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs

Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs

Effects of various factors on Doppler flow ultrasonic radial and coccygeal artery systolic blood pressure measurements in privately-owned, conscious dogs

ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats

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