Effect of blasts on subject-specific computational models of skin and bone sections at various locations on the human body

Chanda, Arnab; Graeter, Rebecca; Unnikrishnan, Vinu

doi:10.3934/matersci.2015.4.425

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the last decade, over 60% of the soldiers deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have been diagnosed with symptoms of TBI due to exposure to blasts. Blast-induced TBI has been studied extensively using computational modeling [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] techniques. TBI has also been found to be a critical issue in contact sports where sudden head impacts are very common occurrences [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofidelic human brain tissue surrogates

Chanda

Callaway

Clifton

et al. 2016

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to blast exposure or head impacts in accidents or contact sports is one of the most critical and poorly understood areas of research in the 21st century. To date, the unavailability of human brain tissues (grey and white matter especially) due to ethical and biosafety issues has not allowed for much experimental research into the study of the mechanics of brain tissues under impact or dynamic loading. In the current work, for the first time, biofidelic brain tissue surrogates have been developed using a low cost, castable (to any shape or size), two-part silicone-based material system to precisely mimic the nonlinear mechanical properties of both the white and the grey matter. The fabrication methodology involves the iterative mixing of the two parts of silicone at certain mix ratios (by weight) to generate a biomechanical behavior similar to the white and the grey matter tissues, respectively, at two different strain rates (low and high). The nonlinear behavior of these novel brain tissue surrogates have been characterized using five hyperelastic material models. These brain tissue simulant materials would be indispensable not only for the study of TBI, but also to allow doctors to practice brain surgeries (for training purposes) in a clinical setting. Additionally, crucial brain tissue modifications in Alzheimer's disease and dementia can be studied in the future with such accessible biofidelic brain tissue surrogate materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofidelic human brain tissue surrogates

Chanda

Callaway

Clifton

et al. 2016

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures

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“…Also, it should be mentioned that a curved model was selected because none of the human body parts are flat, and have a certain amount of curvature everywhere [33]. This curvature has been found to have an effect on blast loading [34]. The following sections discuss the fabrication and testing of the skin simulant material, material characterization, geometrical model, meshing, the loads and boundary conditions used in the FE analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Skin-Like Composite Materials for Blast Induced Injury Mitigation

Chanda

Graeter

2018

J. Compos. Sci.

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Armors and military grade personal protection equipment (PPE) materials to date are bulky and are not designed to effectively mitigate blast impacts. In the current work, a human skin-like castable simulant material was developed and its blast mitigation characteristics (in terms of induced stress reduction at the bone and muscles) were characterized in the presence of composite reinforcements. The reinforcement employed was Kevlar 129 (commonly used in advanced combat helmets), which was embedded within the novel skin simulant material as the matrix and used to cover a representative extremity based human skin, muscle and bone section finite element (FE) model. The composite variations tested were continuous and short-fiber types, lay-ups (0/0, 90/0, and 45/45 orientations) and different fiber volume fractions. From the analyses, the 0/0 continuous fiber lay-up with a fiber volume fraction close to 0.1 (or 10%) was found to reduce the blast-induced dynamic stresses at the bone and muscle sections by 78% and 70% respectively. These findings indicate that this novel skin simulant material with Kevlar 129 reinforcement, with further experimental testing, may present future opportunities in blast resistant armor padding designing.

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“…Soft tissues, polymers and rubbers exhibit a non-linear stress versus strain response which can be characterized using hyperelastic constitutive material models such as Fung, Mooney-Rivlin, Yeoh, Veronda-Westmann, and Humphrey [10,12,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Hyperelastic curve fit models are based on the definition of the strain-energy function (denoted as Ψ), which depends on the type of material [24,25].…”

Section: Non-linear Materials Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofidelic Conductive Synthetic Skin Composites

Chanda¹

2018

Preprint

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Skin is the first point of contact of the human body with the outer environment, and influences the biomechanics of different organ systems in normal and diseased states. Wearable electronics such as fitness tracking equipment, motion sensing devices, and advanced wearables in prosthetics and orthotics are often used to quantify the interaction of the body with the environment during different physical activities, and improve health. These wearable equipment can be bulky and a source of discomfort to the human skin with prolonged wear. To date, very few flexible polymers have been developed which can conduct electricity and be used in wearable devices. In the current work, a novel conductive synthetic skin composite system was developed, which would be indispensable for integration into wearable technologies, and also allow the biomechanical testing of the human skin for different engineering and medical applications. The mechanical behavior of this polymer can be tuned to mimic the human skin from different locations of the body with varying stiffnesses, with a phenomenal degree of accuracy. The composite system is composed of short carbon fibers dispersed in a multi part silicone based matrix material. The volume fraction of the fibers were varied to control the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to generate stress versus strain responses of the synthetic skin composites at different fiber volume fractions, and electrical measurements were recorded at different strains. Microscopy was used to understand composite fiber orientations in unstretched and stretched states, and its effects on the electrical conductivity of the material. Additionally, non-linear material characterization models were developed to characterize the composite variants. To the best of our knowledge, such an accurate synthetic skin composite system with tailorable electrical properties has not been developed; making this state of the art in bio mimicking and functionalization of the human skin.

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Effect of blasts on subject-specific computational models of skin and bone sections at various locations on the human body

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Biofidelic human brain tissue surrogates

Biofidelic human brain tissue surrogates

Human Skin-Like Composite Materials for Blast Induced Injury Mitigation

Biofidelic Conductive Synthetic Skin Composites

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