Effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on necrotic enteritis in broilers

Stringfellow, K.; McReynolds, J. L.; Lee, J.; Byrd, J. A.; Nisbet, David J.; Farnell, Morgan B.

doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00456

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chalmers et al (2007) compared 5 NE field strains of C. perfringens (SNECP43, SNECP44, SNECP47, SNECP49, and SNECP50) and observed that birds inoculated with SNECP50 exhibited reduced BW gain, increased gut lesion scores, and greater mortality compared with those infected with the other isolates or with uninfected controls. Experimental NE with the presence in the gut of specific lesions has been produced using single isolates (Thompson et al, 2006;Gholamiandehkordi et al, 2007) or combinations of multiple strains (McReynolds et al, 2007;Park et al, 2008;Stringfellow et al, 2009). Overall, Lepp et al (2010) attributed the difficulty in disease production to the plasmid-born nature of pathogenic loci of C. perfringens.…”

Section: Perfringens Isolates In Experimental Nementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Coinfection of chickens with C. perfringens and immunosuppressive viruses, such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chick anemia virus, and Marek's disease virus, has been suggested to promote the development of NE in the field, and experimental NE has been produced using IBDV plus C. perfringens (Williams et al, 2003;Gholamiandehkordi et al, 2007;McReynolds et al, 2007;Stringfellow et al, 2009;Timbermont et al, 2009). Infectious bursal disease virus is considered one of the important contributing factors in NE because it affects the lymphoid cells and specifically targets the bursa of Fabricius, which is responsible for the development of humoral immunity.…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing trends of legislative restrictions and voluntary removal of antibiotic growth promoters worldwide has already affected, and will continue to affect, poultry production and animal health. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered among the most important infectious diseases in the current poultry production system globally, with an estimated annual economic loss of more than $2 billion, largely attributable to medical treatments and impaired growth performance. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop rational, alternative, and integrated management strategies not only to control NE, but also to prevent it. In both humans and many warm-blooded animals and birds, NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium. To accomplish these goals, better understanding of host- and environmentally related factors on the development of NE and potential vaccination strategies against C. perfringens infection will be necessary. Furthermore, a reliable and reproducible NE disease model is needed for characterization of C. perfringens pathogenesis and host protective immunity. This review summarizes recent developments in NE disease models, pathogenesis, host immunity, risk factors, and vaccine development for C. perfringens-associated NE in poultry.

show abstract

Section: Perfringens Isolates In Experimental Nementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The European Union has enforced a ban on the use of in‐feed antibiotics (Timbermont et al. 2009), and consumer pressure in other regions may force similar restrictions on antibiotic use (Stringfellow et al. 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many countries, NE is controlled by the in-feed supplementation of antibiotics such as ZnB. The European Union has enforced a ban on the use of in-feed antibiotics (Timbermont et al 2009), and consumer pressure in other regions may force similar restrictions on antibiotic use (Stringfellow et al 2009). Therefore, alternative strategies for the control of NE are needed which can limit the health and economic impact of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials for the prevention of clinical necrotic enteritis

Geier

Mikkelsen

Torok

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: The capacity for Lactobacillus johnsonii and an organic acid (OA) blend to prevent Clostridium perfringens‐induced clinical necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens was studied. Methods and Results: Cobb 500 birds were allocated into six groups (n = 25 birds/pen, eight pens/treatment); Unchallenged, Challenged, Antimicrobial (zinc bacitracin (ZnB)/monensin), OA, probiotic Lact. johnsonii and probiotic sham (Phosphate–buffered saline). All birds were challenged with Eimeria spp. and Cl. perfringens except for unchallenged controls. Birds fed antimicrobials were protected from NE development as indicated by maintenance of body weight, low mortality and clostridium levels, and decreased intestinal macroscopic lesion scores compared to challenged controls (P < 0·05). Lactobacillus johnsonii‐fed birds had reduced lesion scores, whilst OA‐fed birds had decreased Cl. perfringens levels. Both Lact. johnsonii and OA‐fed birds had improved feed efficiency between days 0 and 28 compared to challenged controls; however, mortality and body weights were not improved by either treatment. Microbial profiling indicated that the challenge procedure significantly altered the jejunal microbiota. The microbiota of antimicrobial‐fed birds was significantly different from all other groups. Conclusions: Whilst Lact. johnsonii and OA altered specific intestinal parameters, significant protection against NE was not observed. Significance and Impact of the Study: Lactobacillus johnsonii and OA did not prevent NE; however, some improvements were evident. Other related treatments, or combinations of these two treatments, may provide greater protection.

show abstract

“…Complex interactions between CP and other members of the gut microflora are known to be involved in the onset of NE. Additionally, changes in ration, immunosuppression, and withdrawal of the use of anticoccidials or other antimicrobials are known to predispose birds to NE (23,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of an Early Salmonella Typhimurium Infection as a Predisposing Factor for Necrotic Enteritis in a Laboratory Challenge Model

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) in poultry is an important bacterial disease in terms of economic implications. The disease is multifactorial and is invariably associated with predisposing factors. In the present experiments, we investigated the potential predisposing role of neonatal Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection for NE-associated mortality in a laboratory challenge model. In two experiments, day-of-hatch chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1, nonchallenged control; Group 2, chickens received Eimeria maxima (EM) and CP; Group 3, chickens received EM and CP and were also challenged with ST at day 1 of age; Group 4, chickens received EM and CP and were also challenged with ST at day 17 of age. Challenged groups received an oral dose of EM at 18 days of age and CP (10(8) colony-forming units/chick) at 22-23 days of age. When compared to EM and CP, chicks challenged with ST (day 1) had increased NE-associated mortality and CP-associated lesion scores (P < 0.05) in both experiments. Furthermore, body weight and body weight gain were lower (P < 0.05) in chicks infected with ST (day 1) in the first experiment, even though no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in weight gain in the second experiment. Chicks challenged with ST (day 17) were similar to the EM and CP group in all of the above-mentioned parameters, indicating that a paratyphoid infection in younger chicks remarkably alters the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Based on this work, the authors suggest that an ST infection early in the age of a chick may be important for altering susceptibility to NE, an observation that may be useful from the perspective of experimental reproduction of this disease and, perhaps, as an economically important reason to address the problem of paratyphoid Salmonella infections in young chicks.

show abstract

Effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on necrotic enteritis in broilers

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

Comparison of alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials for the prevention of clinical necrotic enteritis

The Role of an Early Salmonella Typhimurium Infection as a Predisposing Factor for Necrotic Enteritis in a Laboratory Challenge Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About