Effect of Biofilms on Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Coastal Seawater

Zhang, Hongji; Dexter, Stephen C.

doi:10.5006/1.3293578

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…In practical applications for seawater environments, longer-term open-circuit corrosion potential differences on passive alloys are frequently controlled by additional environmental factors, such as interactions with biofilms. One manifestation of these environmental factors is corrosion potential ennoblement, [12][13][14][15][16] which can elevate the corrosion potentials of stainless steels in ambient temperature seawater to levels above +300 mV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Carburized at Low Temperature

Martin

Natishan

Lemieux

et al. 2009

Metall Mater Trans A

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The pitting corrosion resistance of surface-modified 316L austenitic stainless steel and N08367 (a ''superaustenitic'' stainless steel) were evaluated in 0.6 M NaCl solutions and compared to untreated samples of the same materials. The surface modification process used to treat the surfaces was a low-temperature carburization technology termed ''low-temperature colossal supersaturation'' (LTCSS). The process typically produces surface carbon concentrations of~15 at. pct without the formation of carbides. The pitting potential of the LTCSS-treated 316L stainless steel in the NaCl solution substantially increased compared to untreated 316L stainless steel, while the pitting behavior of the LTCSS-treated N08367 was unchanged compared to the untreated alloy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Carburized at Low Temperature

Martin

Natishan

Lemieux

et al. 2009

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…UNS S31600 was the study material in this work in view of its general relevance to marine conditions, its moderate resistance to seawater conditions that allows studies of corrosion as well as passivity, and also because biofilms are acknowledged to influence the localized corrosion behaviour of this alloy in a significant manner (Zhang and Dexter 1995a). The alloy samples (100 6 150 6 1.1 mm with a central hole) were purchased from Lawrence Metal Suppliers, Chennai (India) and had the following nominal composition (% mass): 17.0 Cr; 7.0 Ni; 2.1 Mo; 0.07 C; balance Fe.…”

Section: Alloy Investigated and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of investigators across the world have shown enhanced cathodic kinetics in which the current densities for these alloys in the passive state increase concomitantly with the settlement and growth of biofilms (Mollica and Trevis 1976;Dexter and Gao 1988;Dickinson et al 1996;Martin et al 2006;Eashwar et al 2009). Implications for the biofilm-enhanced cathodic kinetics for SS under marine conditions are: (a) increased current demand for cathodic protection (Holthe et al 1987;Little et al 1988; Mollica et al 1989), (b) increased probability and propagation rates for crevice corrosion of the less corrosion resistant alloys (Kain and Lee 1985;Gallagher et al 1988;Zhang and Dexter 1995a), and (c) higher corrosion rates of anodes in galvanic couples (Dexter and LaFontaine 1998;Ruppel et al 2001;Eashwar et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The influence of sunlight on the localized corrosion of UNS S31600 in natural seawater

et al. 2011

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Tests were conducted on the performance of UNS S31600 stainless steel (SS) in a natural day/night cycle vs full darkness under conditions of natural marine biofilm accumulation. In quiescent flowing seawater tests in the laboratory as well as under natural immersion in the sea, diffuse sunlight (∼10% of natural) counteracted the influence of marine biofilms and produced substantial inhibition of the corrosion of SS. Thus, the probabilities (percentage attack) and propagation rates (depths of attack) in multiple crevice tests were substantially lower in the day/night cycle than in the dark. A benefit was also observed for welded SS in terms of the time to corrosion initiation and the mass loss. SS in the passive state showed broader passive regions, well-defined breakdown potentials and markedly smaller anodic and cathodic current densities under the diurnal cycle. The overall reduction in corrosion is attributed to a combination of electrochemical photoinhibition and simultaneous photoinactivation of microbially mediated metal redox reactions linked to cathodic kinetics. These data offer fresh insights into the behaviour of SS under practical seawater situations and the proposed potential use of illumination in the mitigation of biologically influenced consequences.

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“…The tendency for biofilms to cause a shift in the open circuit potential (OCP) of a variety of active-passive alloys, including most stainless steels, accompanied by a decrease in their corrosion resistance, is well documented (e.g. see Scotto et al, 1985;Dexter, 1995;Zhang & Dexter, 1995;Dexter & LaFontaine, 1998). The mechanism by which biofilms shift the OCP in the noble direction is currently under debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct measurement of ph within marine biofilms on passive metals

Dexter¹,

Chandrasekaran

2000

Biofouling

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Direct measurements of the pH within natural marine biofilms grown on platinum have been made with iridium/iridium oxide solid-state microelectrodes. The data show that the pH is highly variable, with steep gradients both perpendicular to and along the metal surface. Measured values ranged from 8 in the outer portions of the biofilm to below 2 in localized areas near the metal surface. It was verified that bulk water flowing along the hydrophilic outer sheath of the microelectrode could effect the measured pH values. However, meaningful data could still be taken because the response time of the electrode was sufficiently less than the time for water ingression. The data presented are consistent with recent heterogeneous biofilm models and with the idea that localized areas of low pH within biofilms can be a contributing factor in biologically influenced corrosion processes.

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Effect of Biofilms on Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Coastal Seawater

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Carburized at Low Temperature

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Carburized at Low Temperature

The influence of sunlight on the localized corrosion of UNS S31600 in natural seawater

Direct measurement of ph within marine biofilms on passive metals

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