Effect of Biochemical Changes on Female Infertility, Especially “Leptin and Adiponectin” in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background: Infertility is one of women's most serious clinical problems during their reproductive lives. However, a high body mass index (BMI) and obesity are linked with unhealthy eating patterns and a sedentary lifestyle and have contributed to infertility. Obesity, on the other hand, has been linked to a high rate of infertility over the last 10 years. Additionally, low levels of sex hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone play a significant role in causing infertility, which has a significant impact on the reproductive system. Adipokines are produced by adipose tissue, and adipocytes, including adiponectin and leptin, affect the reproductive organs. Therefore, to comprehend infertility more deeply, it is crucial to assess adipokines and sex hormones. So, the current study involved evaluating the effectiveness and level of adiponectin and leptin in infertility and fertile women of the same reproductive age, along with other hormones like insulin, insulin resistance, FSH, LH, testosterone, and prolactin. Materials and methods: This study took 56 fertile women to act as a control in their reproductive years as controls and 100 women who have experienced infertility. Cases considerably outperformed controls regarding -BMI, waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio, insulin, and insulin resistance. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, prolactin, and testosterone levels in cases were higher than in controls. But though adiponectin levels were lower in patients than in controls, leptin levels were higher. Conclusion: Given that adipokines are regulated by sex hormones, they likely contribute to infertility.