Effect of biochar application on the content of nutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P) and amino acids in subsequently growing spinach and mustard

Abstract

Zemanová V., Břendová K., Pavlíková D., Kubátová P., Tlustoš P. (2017): Effect of biochar application on the content of nutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P) and amino acids in subsequently growing spinach and mustard. Plant Soil Environ., 63: 322-327.The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar on growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) planted in crop rotation: spinach (spring)-mustard-spinach (autumn). The impact of biochar soil application (5% per mass of soil) on the availability of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P to plants as well as the content of free proline and total amino acids contents were evaluated at degraded Chernozem soil. The results showed that biochar soil addition significantly increased spinach growth by 102% and 353% in spring and autumn, respectively. Biochar limited plant content of Ca, Mg and Na, however K content increased in all plants. Inconsistent effect was determined for Fe and P content in plants biomass. Total content of free amino acids was higher in plants harvested at amended treatments, except autumn spinach. Biochar increased proline content in all plants in comparison to control. The highest increase was obtained in mustard -by 186%. The results showed a more sensitive reaction of mustard to biochar application than spinach. Keywords 322Vol. 63, 2017, No. 7: 322-327 Plant Soil Environ.doi: 10.17221/318/2017-PSE adjustment and the accumulation of compatible osmolyte, detoxification of active oxygen species and heavy metals, and intracellular pH regulation. Proline (Pro) is specific free AA which is involved in stress metabolism and tolerance of plants (Pavlíková et al. 2014). Our study aimed to compare the ability of spinach and mustard accumulation of nutrients and amino acids as a response to biochar application to soil. MATERIAL AND METHODSExperimental design and soil characteristics. The experiment was conducted at greenhouse controlled conditions. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) were chosen as experimental plants, while the crop rotation was spinach-mustard-spinach. Firstly, spinach was sown in March and harvested after 64 days. Mustard was sown in May and harvested after 35 days. Late spinach was sown in August, harvested after 64 days. Biomass of both spinaches was sampled once during vegetation, after 42 days. Modal Chernozem soil (2.5 kg; Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic; pH KCl = 7.2, cation exchange capacity (CEC) = 258 mmol + /kg, C org = 1.83%, available content of elements: Ca = 6754 mg/kg; K = 233 mg/kg; Fe = 153 mg/kg, Mg = 191 mg/kg; P = 74 mg/kg) was uniquely fertilized with 0.1 g N, 0.16 g P and 0.4 g K per 1 kg of soil (applied in the form of NH 4 NO 3 and K 2 HPO 4 ), only at the beginning of the experiment. The experiment consists of 2 treatments: (i) control (without BC) and (ii) 5% of the applied BC from total mass of soil (BC 5%) thoroughly mixed with soil volume.Biochar characteristics. Detailed biochar properties were described in Břendová et al. (2016). Bioc...

Effects of biochar and peat on salt-affected soil extract solution and wheat seedling germination in the Yellow River Delta

“…A high cytoplasmic K þ /Na þ ratio is critical to improve salt tolerance and reduce salt toxicity for many plant species (Chen et al 2007;Arzani 2008). The length of root and sprout treated by biochar was longer than that treated by peat in S1 (very slightly saline) soil, which was similar to previous studies (Hao and Chang 2003;Pavlikova et al 2017;El-Naggar et al 2019). Therefore, it can be inferred that biochar and peat promote the ability of K þ uptake for wheat.…”

Permanent grassland hay-derived biochar increases plant N, P and K uptake on an acidic soil

“…The exception was BC 300 treatment, where K tot concentration in the soil at the end of the experiment did not differ significantly from that of the control. A positive effect of biochar on soil and plant biomass K uptake has been noted in many studies (Gaskin et al, 2010;Kloss et al, 2014;Zemanová et al, 2017), but it is significant only when the concentration of K in biochar is high (Gaskin et al, 2010), as was the case with hay biochar in this experiment. Table 5.…”

“…At the start of the experiment, the ratio of Mg AL :K AL in the soil was 2:1, but it decreased to 1:1.4 by the end of the experiment. It has been previously shown also by Zemanová et al (2017) that the application of biochar into the soil changes the ratio of Ca:K and Mg:K, due to which the plant availability of Ca and Mg decreased because of antagonistic interaction mechanism between Ca, Mg and K. This shows that one should be careful when using biochar with high K concentration in the soil with low concentration of Ca and Mg, where it could decrease the uptake of these elements by the plants. Biochar impact on nutrient uptake did not depend significantly on temperature, at which it was produced ( Table 9).…”

Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy

“…They attributed the low uptake of Mg to competitive ion effect between the uptakes of Mg and K. Although we did not measure the dry matter yield, the increased nutrient concentrations of K also implies high uptake of K since nutrient uptake is governed by the concentration of nutrients in plant tissues and the dry matter yield. Usually competitive ion effect occurs when there is a high concentration and uptake of K in plant tissue which decreases the concentration and uptake of Mg [61][62][63]. Major et al [12] also found a similar decrease in the concentration of Mg in maize seeds in high wood biochar addition treatments (8 and 20 t ha −1 ) attributed to declining stock of Mg in the soil due to this ion competition effect.…”