Effect of binaural beat in the inaudible band on EEG (STROBE)

Choi, Mi-Hyun; Jung, Jin-Ju; Kim, Kyu-Beom; Kim, Ye-Jin; Lee, Je-Hyeop; Kim, Hyung–Sik; Yi, Jeong-Han; Kang, Ok-Ri; Kang, Young-Tae; Chung, Soon−Cheol

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029819

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Our research team addressed this issue by eliminating the in uence of audible sounds in prior studies and observed the brainwave entrainment effects of BB. Speci cally, we validated the ability of inaudible BB with a base frequency of 18000 Hz and a differential frequency of 10 Hz to induce alpha waves [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effects of Inaudible Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Memory: An fNIRS Study

Kim,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study aimed to observe the impact of pure Binaural Beats (BB) stimulation in the inaudible frequency range, excluding the influence of sound, on visuospatial memory. Additionally, we investigated whether the brainwave changes induced by BB stimulation directly affect brain activation. The experiment involved 17 participants (12 males with a mean age of 23.2 ± 1.7 and 5 females with a mean age of 21.0 ± 0.7) in their 20s. Each participant received 10 Hz BB stimulation by presenting frequencies of 18000 Hz and 18010 Hz to the left and right ears, respectively. The experiment consisted of Rest phase (5min), Task phase (5min), and Rest phase (5min). The Task phase included conditions where participants performed the task either without BB stimulation "Task only" or with BB stimulation "Task + BB". Visuospatial memory was evaluated using the 3-back task. To observe brain activation, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to measure hemodynamic responses in all phases. The cognitive task performance (Accuracy, Reaction time) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration during the Task phase were compared between conditions with and without BB stimulation using paired t-tests. Results indicated a significantly shorter Reaction time in the Task + BB condition compared to the Task only condition. Moreover, an increase in HbO concentration was observed in the F1-F3, F2-F4, and P2-P4 regions during the Task + BB condition. In conclusion, the observed increase in HbO concentration suggests a positive influence on task performance. This study is meaningful in objectively demonstrating the impact of inaudible BB stimulation on visuospatial memory, utilizing both behavioral data and direct neural activation reflected in hemodynamic responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effects of Inaudible Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Memory: An fNIRS Study

Kim,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Additional studies are required to reliably verify the pure effects of binaural beats stimulation by removing all sound factors that may be perceived by the subjects. Previous work done by our group found evidence of increased alpha power using an inaudible reference frequency of 18 000 Hz and a difference frequency of 10 Hz [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of inaudible binaural beats on visuospatial memory

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

NeuroReport

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Objectives Binaural beats are auditory beat stimulation that produces sounds and induces a specific state of brain wave based on the difference in the frequency of stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inaudible binaural beats on visuospatial memory at 18 000 Hz reference and 10 Hz difference frequencies.Methods Eighteen adult subjects in their twenties were enrolled, including 12 males (mean age: 23.8 ± 1.2) and 6 females (mean age: 22.8 ± 0.8). An auditory stimulator providing 10 Hz binaural beats stimulation via 18 000 Hz to the left and 18 010 Hz to the right ears was used. The experiment consisted of two 5-min phases, including a rest phase and a task phase involving task performance without (Task-only) and with binaural beats stimulation (Task+BB). A 3-back task was used to measure visuospatial memory. Cognitive ability measured by task performance (accuracy and reaction time) with and without binaural beats, as well as variations in alpha power across different brain domains, were compared using paired t-tests. ResultsCompared to the Task-only condition, the Task+BB condition had significantly higher accuracy and significantly shorter reaction time. The electroencephalogram analysis showed that the reduction level in alpha power for the task performance under the Task+BB condition was significantly lower in all brain areas except the frontal, compared to that under the Taskonly condition. ConclusionThe significance of this study lies in having verified the independent effects of binaural beats stimulation without any auditory influence, based on visuospatial memory.

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Effects of Inaudible Theta Binaural Beat on Brain Waves

KIM,

KIM

et al. 2024

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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Auditory binaural beats (BBs) stimulation is a method used to support the assumption that artificial external stimuli can generate specific brain waves. This study aimed to examine the effects of BBs that induce brain waves only based on a different frequency using an inaudible baseline frequency. The experiment was conducted among 18 adults in their 20s (11 male and 7 female). A baseline frequency of 18,000[Formula: see text]Hz and BBs with a difference frequency of 5[Formula: see text]Hz was presented, and the changes in electroencephalogram were observed. Power spectrum analysis was performed, and the absolute power of the theta-band frequency range (4–7[Formula: see text]Hz) was averaged. Absolute theta power was compared between phases without binaural beats (non-BBs) and with binaural beats ([Formula: see text]-BBs) using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Theta waves in [Formula: see text]-BBs significantly increased in most brain regions (central, parietal, temporal, and occipital) compared to those in non-BBs. This study is significant because it focused solely on the effects of the BBs-inducing theta waves using a frequency difference, excluding the effect of sound perception.

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Effect of binaural beat in the inaudible band on EEG (STROBE)

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

The Effects of Inaudible Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Memory: An fNIRS Study

The Effects of Inaudible Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Memory: An fNIRS Study

Effects of inaudible binaural beats on visuospatial memory

Effects of Inaudible Theta Binaural Beat on Brain Waves

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