Effect of Bile Anionic Polypeptidic Fraction on the Fate of Cholesterol Carried by Liposomes in the Rat

Martigne, Monique; Domingo, N.; Chanussot, F.; Nalbone, Gilles; Lafont, Huguette; Hauton, J. C.

doi:10.3181/00379727-187-42659

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, we hypothesize that such discrepancy may imply the small hydrophobic APF [18] . Our deduction is consistent with previous reports describing several characteristics of APF in plasma [13,14,31] . This peptide, identifi ed as a minor HDL apolipoprotein, shares some common epitopes with apoA-I.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…By contrast, we now observed a large inhibitory potential of the lipid-free APF at its physiological HDL 3 level, after stimulation with the calcium bound to heparin. This main fi nding suggests that one of the antiatherogenic mechanisms of APF could be related to its calcium antagonist ability [14] . The assumption is also consistent with previous reports showing that APF is able to reduce some metabolic effects of calcium observed in the bile in a dose-dependent manner [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APF has been previously described to be involved in several changes of the size and composition of the plasma HDLs in vivo. It was also interesting to note that APF exhibited an antiatherogenic effect, by its ability to promote the cholesterol effl ux from endothelial cells [31] and to stimulate the reverse cholesterol transport from the plasma toward the liver and bile [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the peptide has already been found to develop a benefi cial effect against atherosclerosis, by its stimulation of cholesterol effl ux. This mechanism involves homologies of some epitopes shared with the apoA-I [14] . As APF exhibits phospholipid-binding and calcium antagonist abilities [13,15] , our objective was to test these properties on the expression of VCAM-1 by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anionic Peptide Factor/Phosphatidylcholine Particles Promote the Inhibition of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

et al. 2005

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Objective: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have significant cardiovascular benefits by retarding the progression of atherosclerosis. One of the mechanisms is the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. Our objective was to test the effect on VCAM-1 expression by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) of a minor HDL₂ and HDL₃ apolipoprotein, the anionic peptide factor (APF). The peptide has previously been found to develop some beneficial effects against atherosclerosis, i.e. by promoting the cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells. Methods: We examined the effects of two HDL apolipoproteins A-I and APF, either in presence or absence of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), or free PCs, on the expression of VCAM-1 by HUVEC. The cells were stimulated with either the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα, 500 pg/ml) or the calcium bound to heparin (10 µg Ca²⁺/ml, 50 µg heparin/ml). Results: In the presence of TNFα, only the free PCs (0.25 and 1 mM) developed an inhibitory effect (up to 50%). In the absence of TNFα and in the presence of calcium bound to heparin, either the lipid-free APF (3.5 µM) or the APF/PC complexes (1:57 molar ratio) or the free PCs (0.25 mM) exhibited a substantial inhibitory effect (72, 71 and 42%, respectively). Conclusion: Our present findings suggest for the first time that one of the mechanisms of the antiatherogenic action of APF involves the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression by HUVEC. The peptide, through its phospholipid-binding and its calcium antagonist abilities, appears to confer on the HDLs a protective effect against the early cellular event of the inflammatory process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anionic Peptide Factor/Phosphatidylcholine Particles Promote the Inhibition of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

et al. 2005

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“…It has been demonstrated that APF is involved in the uptake of unesterified cholesterol (15) and stimulates cholesterol and PL transport to the bile (16,17). It was also recently demonstrated that APF plays an important role in controlling the onset and rates of precipitation of calcium salts, bile pigments, and cholesterol in gallstone formation (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidylcholine-enriched diet prevents gallstone formation in mice susceptible to cholelithiasis

Kasbo

Tuchweber

Perwaiz

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

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Cholesterol gallstones affect approximately 10-15% of the adult population in North America. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is considered to be the main cholesterol solubilizer in bile. This study examined the effect of a PCenriched diet on gallstone incidence in mice susceptible to cholelithiasis. The result obtained showed that the feeding of a lithogenic (LG) diet for 4 weeks or 8 weeks resulted in cholesterol gallstone incidences of 47% and 89%, respectively. These gallstone incidences were either reduced or prevented when the LG diet was enriched with 2% or 6% PC, respectively. The cholesterol saturation index (CSI) was reduced only in mice fed with LG ؉ 6% PC diet as compared with mice fed the LG diet alone. However, in all groups, the CSI was significantly higher than in mice fed Purina chow diet. The biliary anionic polypeptide fraction (APF) was significantly increased in mice fed the LG ؉ 2% PC diet and was reduced in those fed with LG ؉ 6% PC diet. In conclusion, prevention or delay of gallstone formation was not due to a consistent effect on biliary lipid composition, suggesting a direct effect of PC on cholesterol solubilization and/or the effect of an additional nonlipid biliary component such as APF.

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APF/CBP, an anionic polypeptide in bile and gallstones that may regulate calcium salt and cholesterol precipitation from bile

Ostrow¹

1992

Hepatology

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The article in this issue of HE;PATOLOGY by Kestell et al.(1) is a welcome confirmation of the presence in bile and gallstones of a small anionic calcium-binding biliprotein -APFiCBP (anionic polypeptideicalcium binding protein) -origmally discovered by Lafont and her co-workers in Marseille (2, 3 ) as a result of their interest in hepatic lipoprotein transport and, later, in our laboratory in Chicago (4, 5 ) as a result of our hypothesis that gallstones are a biomineralization system (4, 6). This editorial will review the properties and possible roles of this protein in the regulation of the precipitation of calcium salts from bile (and thus in formation of all types of gallstones). I hope it will rectify the preoccupation with cholesterol precipitation that has dominated gallstone research for the past two decades. The possible role of APF/CBP in hepatic cholesterol and lipid transport will also be mentioned.Normal human bile is always thermodynamically supersaturated with the calcium salts of bilirubinate Ca(HB), (7,8) and often supersaturated with carbonate (9, 10) and cholesterol (9, 11). These calcium salts and others are present in all cholesterol gallstones, including their cores (6, 12), and in all pigment gallstones (12, 13). Thus one must ask, as with cholesterol (141, what inhibits precipitation of these calcium salts from normal bile and what promotes their precipitation to form gallstones in pathological bile (12). Normal bile contains a preponderance of lunetic factors that potently inhibit cholesterol precipitation ( 15). whereas pathological bile contains a preponderance of factors that potently promote (16) cholesterol Precipitation. The major kinetic factors for cholesterol are an array of bile glycoproteins, including mucin (17), that promote (17-20) or inhibit (15, 21, 22) nucleation, or growth, of cholesterol crystals. Though calcium is not required for the lunetic effects of bile proteins on cholesterol precipitation t23), variations in [Ca" 1 modulate these effects ( 2 4 ) ; however, it is not known whether t.hese proteins interact with Ca2Although bile contains factors that inhibit precipitation of calcium salts (25-28~, only one bileigallstone protein with such an effect has been described. Our This work was supported by a Medical Investigator Award from thr I! S Department of Veterans Affairs and hy extramural research grant 2-KOI-DK-32130 from the National Institutes of Health Address reprint requests to. J. Donald Ostrow. M.D.. Medical Investigator. Research Service (151). D.V.A. Lakeside iMedic-al Center.

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Effect of Bile Anionic Polypeptidic Fraction on the Fate of Cholesterol Carried by Liposomes in the Rat

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Anionic Peptide Factor/Phosphatidylcholine Particles Promote the Inhibition of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Anionic Peptide Factor/Phosphatidylcholine Particles Promote the Inhibition of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Phosphatidylcholine-enriched diet prevents gallstone formation in mice susceptible to cholelithiasis

APF/CBP, an anionic polypeptide in bile and gallstones that may regulate calcium salt and cholesterol precipitation from bile

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