Effect of Bile Acids on Endotoxin in Vitro and in Vivo (Physico-Chemical Defense): Bile Deficiency and Endotoxin Translocation

Bertók, L

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09016.x

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…LPS and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a and IFN-c are shown to induce TJP disruption through alterations to the apical junctional complex [30]. UDCA reportedly fragments endotoxin into smaller, non-toxic fragments [31] and inactivates endotoxin through its detergent activity [7]. Consistent with our study, treatment with UDCA has shown to suppress inflammatory response in an inflammation-mediated model of liver fibrosis induced by schistosomiasis [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Recent studies have demonstrated a close association between the development of NASH and the activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) [6]. Furthermore, UDCA therapy is shown to counteract endotoxemia through reduced intestinal absorption and detoxification of LPS [7]. However, the exact mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of UDCA in NASH is yet to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Beneficial effects of combined ursodeoxycholic acid and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrogenesis in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Beneficial effects of combined ursodeoxycholic acid and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrogenesis in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

et al. 2015

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“…1998). Bile acids can detoxify endotoxin (Bertok 1998), but it is not known if these acids can detoxify all of the endotoxin that originate from the rumen. High grain feeding can result in SARA and increase the starch content in the large intestine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free endotoxins in the feces of lactating dairy cows

Li¹,

Khafipour²,

Krause³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2010. Free endotoxins in the feces of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 591Á594. A survey was conducted on 300 lactating dairy cows on 10 dairy farms to determine how risk factors for and symptoms of excessive grain feeding and subacute ruminal acidosis are associated with the concentrations of endotoxins in feces measured with the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Increases in days in milk and haptoglobin in blood plasma were associated with lower (P00.02) and higher (P 00.02) fecal endotoxin, respectively. The five farms with a dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content higher than 33.8% of DM had lower (PB0.01) fecal endotoxin than those with a dietary NDF content lower than 33.8% of DM (31 790 vs. 69 276 endotoxin units (EU) g(1 of wet feces, PB0.01). Parity, milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, the blood plasma concentration of serum amyloid A, and the dietary content of physically effective fibre were not associated with the fecal endotoxin concentration.Key words: Dairy cattle, feces, endotoxin, acute phase proteins, subacute ruminal acidosis Li, S., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C. et Plaizier, J. C. 2010. Les endotoxines libres dans les fe`ces des vaches laitie`res en lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 591Á594. Les auteurs ont effectue´une e´tude sur 300 vaches en lactation dans 10 exploitations laitie`res afin d'e´tablir les liens qui existent entre la concentration d'endotoxines dans les fe`ces, de´termine´e graˆce au test de la lysase des amibocytes de Limulus, et les facteurs de risque ainsi que les symptoˆmes d'une suralimentation en grain et d'une acidose subaigue¨dans le rumen. L'augmentation du nombre de jours en lactation et de la concentration d'haptoglobine dans le plasma sont respectivement relie´s a`une plus faible (P00,02) et a`une plus forte (P00,02) concentration d'endotoxines fe´cales. Les 5 e´levages dans lesquels la concentration de fibres au de´tergent neutre (FDN) de´passait 33,8% de la quantite´de matie`re se`che se caracte´risaient par une concentration d'endotoxines fe´cales infe´rieure (PB0,01) a`celle releve´e dans les exploitations ou`la concentration de FDN dans les aliments e´tait infe´rieure a`33,8% de la concentration de matie`re se`che (31 790 c. 69 276 unite´s d'endotoxine par gramme de fe`ces humides, P B0,01). Le rang de naissance. le rendement laitier, la concentration de matie`re grasse dans le lait, la proportion de prote´ines dans le lait, la concentration de prote´ine amyloı¨de A se´rique dans le plasma et la concentration de fibres physiquement efficaces dans les aliments ne pre´sentent aucun lien avec la concentration d'endotoxines dans les fe`ces.

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“…Bile acid-induced liver injury may progress to cirrhosis and be complicated by endotoxemia and sepsis, because of a reduction in intestinal bile acids that have an important defensive role, fragmenting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enteroendotoxin to reduce intestinal absorption of these molecules (9,10). During the body's acute-phase response to injury or infection, extensive changes in plasma lipoproteins occur, including an increase in production and a decrease in catabolism of circulating lipoproteins (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefit of farnesoid X receptor inhibition in obstructive cholestasis

Stedman

Liddle

Coulter

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

117

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The nuclear hormone receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor have been implicated in regulating bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism. Bile duct ligation was used to increase endogenous bile acids and evaluate the roles of these receptors in modulating cholestatic liver injury. FXR knockout (KO) mice were found to be protected from obstructive cholestasis. Concurrent deletion of FXR also could ameliorate an increase in liver injury that is seen usually in pregnane X receptor KO mice with cholestasis. Mechanisms proposed for this protection include the lowering of bile acid concentrations and altered expression of the hepatic transporters Mdr1, Mdr2, BSEP, and Mrp4. FXR KO mice also exhibit a biphasic lipid profile after bile duct ligation, with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides by day 6. The expression of apolipoprotein AV was reduced in these mice, implicating FXR in triglyceride regulation. We show that FXR modulates cholestasis by controlling bile acids within the hepatocyte and is involved in bile acid synthesis, bile excretion via BSEP, and serum export via Mrp4. This study strongly suggests a potential clinical role for FXR antagonists in the treatment of obstructive cholestatic liver disorders.bile acids ͉ Mrp4 ͉ pregnane X receptor ͉ apolipoprotein AV ͉ triglycerides C holestatic liver disorders include a spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases of diverse etiologies that are characterized by impaired hepatocellular secretion of bile, resulting in accumulation of bile acids, bilirubin, and cholesterol. Pharmacological therapy for cholestasis is limited, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only disease-modifying therapy with evidence of efficacy, so new therapeutic approaches are essential.Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) (NR1H4) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) (NR1I2) are nuclear hormone receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. FXR is known to regulate genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, including apolipoprotein (apo) AI, apoCII, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, PPAR␣, and the phospholipid transfer protein (1, 2), but the role of FXR in lipid homeostasis remains to be clarified. Other FXR targets include genes involved in bile acid synthesis such as cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and CYP8B1, and bile acid transporters including bile salt export pump (BSEP; ABCB11), sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP; SLC10A1), and intestinal bile acid-binding protein (1, 3). PXR also regulates genes involved in bile acid synthesis, metabolism, and transport, including CYP7A1, CYP3A, sulfotransferase, and Na ϩ -dependent organic anion transporter 2 (Oatp2; Slc21a6) (4, 5).Bile acids are the end products of hepatic cholesterol metabolism, which also act as signaling molecules that regulate their own synthesis and metabolism and other metabolic pathways, via nuclear receptors (1). Bile acids are ligands for both PXR and FXR, with affinities differing for individual bile acids (6, 7). It has...

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Effect of Bile Acids on Endotoxin in Vitro and in Vivo (Physico-Chemical Defense): Bile Deficiency and Endotoxin Translocation

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Beneficial effects of combined ursodeoxycholic acid and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrogenesis in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Beneficial effects of combined ursodeoxycholic acid and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrogenesis in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Free endotoxins in the feces of lactating dairy cows

Benefit of farnesoid X receptor inhibition in obstructive cholestasis

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