Effect of bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on hyperglycemia caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose and vasoactive intestinal peptide in rats

Chun, Soo-Jin; Niijima, Akira; Nagai, Nobuo; Nonomura, Katsuya

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00854-3

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Therefore, it is quite remarkable that the VMH, which is known for the presence of glucose-sensitive neurons and for its profound role in insulin secretion and food intake (Choi et al, 1996;Choi and Dallman, 1999) does not seem to possess such direct control of parasympathetic or sympathetic autonomic output, because it only contains neurons of the third order. Similar to the VMH, much physiologic evidence indicates that the SCN plays a major role in modulating pancreatic information outflow of the hypothalamus (Nagai et al, 1994;Chun et al, 1998;Kalsbeek and Strubbe, 1998;La Fleur et al, 1999). We recently confirmed that the VMH does indeed not have detectable projections to the dorsal vagus complex and mainly has major projections within the hypothalamus and to MCH neurons located in the dorsal part of the LHA (Buijs et al, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Third-order Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Parasympathetic and sympathetic control of the pancreas: A role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other hypothalamic centers that are involved in the regulation of food intake

et al. 2001

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To reveal brain regions and transmitter systems involved in control of pancreatic hormone secretion, specific vagal and sympathetic denervation were combined with injection of a retrograde transsynaptic tracer, pseudorabies virus (PRV), into the pancreas. After sympathetic or vagal transsection first-order neurons were revealed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) or in preganglionic spinal cord neurons (SPN), respectively. Careful timing of the survival of the animals allowed the detection of cell groups in immediate control of these DMV or SPN neurons. A far larger number of cell groups is involved in the control of DMV than of SPN neurons. Examples are given of a high level of interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Several cell groups project to both branches of the autonomic nervous system, sometimes even the same neurotransmitter is used, e.g., oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus project to both the DMV and SPN neurons. Moreover, the appearance of third-order neurons located in the sympathetic SPN after complete sympathectomy and in the DMV after complete vagotomy illustrates the possibility that motor neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system may exchange information by means of interneurons. The presence of second-order neurons in prefrontal, gustatory, and piriform cortex may provide an anatomic basis for the involvement of these cortices in the cephalic insulin response. The observation that second-order neurons in both vagal and sympathetic control of the pancreas contain neuropeptides that are known to play a role in food intake indicates a direct association between behavioral and autonomic functions. Finally, the observation of third-order neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus shows the modulatory action of the time of the day and metabolic state, respectively.

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Section: Third-order Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Parasympathetic and sympathetic control of the pancreas: A role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other hypothalamic centers that are involved in the regulation of food intake

et al. 2001

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“…In particular, bilateral electrolytic lesions of the SCN (SCN lesions) eliminated hyperglycemia, elevation of blood glucagon levels, suppression of blood insulin levels, and excitation of the sympathetic nerve innervating the adrenal gland, which resulted from intracranial 2DG injection (Yamamoto et al 1984;Nagai et al 1996a, b;Chun et al 1998). Therefore, to investigate the role of the SCN in the CAR-mediated changes in RSNA and MAP, we examined the effect of SCN lesions on changes in RSNA and MAP after IV injection of CAR.…”

Section: Involvement Of the Hypothalamic Scn In The Effect Of Car On Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of l-carnosine in the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, thermogenesis, and lipolysis by autonomic nerves in rats: involvement of the circadian clock and histamine

et al. 2012

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L-carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine; CAR) is synthesized in mammalian skeletal muscle. Although the physiological roles of CAR have not yet been clarified, there is evidence that the release of CAR from skeletal muscle during physical exercise affects autonomic neurotransmission and physiological functions. In particular, CAR affects the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves innervating the adrenal glands, liver, kidney, pancreas, stomach, and white and brown adipose tissues, thereby causing changes in blood pressure, blood glucose, appetite, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. CAR-mediated changes in neurotransmission and physiological functions were eliminated by histamine H1 or H3 receptor antagonists (diphenhydramine or thioperamide) and bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a master circadian clock. Moreover, a carnosine-degrading enzyme (carnosinase 2) was shown to be localized to histamine neurons in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). Thus, CAR released from skeletal muscle during exercise may be transported into TMN-histamine neurons and hydrolyzed. The resulting L-histidine may subsequently be converted into histamine, which could be responsible for the effects of CAR on neurotransmission and physiological function. Thus, CAR appears to influence hypoglycemic, hypotensive, and lipolytic activity through regulation of autonomic nerves and with the involvement of the SCN and histamine. These findings are reviewed and discussed in the context of other recent reports, including those on carnosine synthetases, carnosinases, and carnosine transport.

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“…Three days before the experiment, a brain cannula made of polyethylene tubing (PE-10; Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ, USA) was inserted into the right lateral cerebral ventricle (LCV), and another catheter made of Silastic (Dow Corning, Midland, MI, USA) and polyethylene (PE-50; Clay Adams) was inserted into the right atrium of the heart under pentobarbital anesthesia (35 mg/kg) as previously described. 17 Rats (n = 5-9 per group) were deprived of food from 2 h prior to the experiment until the end of blood sampling. Anserine (10 ng, 1 pg, 10 pg, 0.1 mg, 1 mg, and 10 mg) or saline were injected into the intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

Section: Determination Of Plasma Glucose Levels In 2dg-hyperglycemic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anserine ingestion on hyperglycemia and the autonomic nerves in rats and humans

Kubomura¹,

Matahira²,

Nonomura³

et al. 2010

Nutritional Neuroscience

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Anserine and L-carnosine are similar dipeptides synthesized by muscles of vertebrates. The functional role of anserine is unknown, although previous studies showed hypoglycemic effects of carnosine through autonomic nerves. Thus, we evaluated the effects of anserine on blood glucose levels and the neural activities. Intraperitoneal administration of specific doses of anserine to hyperglycemic rats reduced hyperglycemia and plasma glucagon concentrations, whereas thioperamide eliminated the effects of anserine. Intraduodenal injection of 0.1 mg anserine to anesthetized rats after laparotomy suppressed sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced activity of the vagal gastric efferent. In addition, oral administration of anserine reduced blood glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance testing in humans. These results suggest the possibility that anserine might be a control factor for the blood glucose, and that histaminergic nerves may be involved in the hypoglycemic effects of anserine.

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Effect of bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on hyperglycemia caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose and vasoactive intestinal peptide in rats

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Parasympathetic and sympathetic control of the pancreas: A role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other hypothalamic centers that are involved in the regulation of food intake

Parasympathetic and sympathetic control of the pancreas: A role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other hypothalamic centers that are involved in the regulation of food intake

Role of l-carnosine in the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, thermogenesis, and lipolysis by autonomic nerves in rats: involvement of the circadian clock and histamine

Effect of anserine ingestion on hyperglycemia and the autonomic nerves in rats and humans

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