Effect of benzyladenine on RNA and protein synthesis in intact bean leaves at various stages of ageing

Abstract

Primary leaves of intact bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were treated with benzyladenine (BA) at different stages of ageing, BA promoted the synthesis of RNA, and soluble and insoluble proteins. The effects of BA stimulation differed depending on the age at which the leaf received the hormone treatment. In leaves attached to the plant, BA appeared to stimulate the rate of synthesis more than the rate of decomposition of RNA and protein, resulting in a net increase in RNA and protein. Both chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomes were still observed in intact yellowish green leaves. Polysomes in the cytoplasm increased remarkably when BA treatment was begun at late stages.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATION DATES OF YEAST (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) ON SUGAR BEET PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY

“…These obtained results may be due to; A) The fact that, yeast continually produce carbon dioxide as a result of its respiration. Carbon dioxide increases as a percentage of the air around beet plants that make use of it through its respiration producing more sugars or carbohydratesand B) Yeast contents of proteins, growth substances and vitamins as it were mentioned by Warring and Phillips (1973), Natio et al (1981), Nagodawithana (1991) and Mok and Mok (2001). Similar results were obtained by El-Tarabily (2004), Shalaby and El-Nady (2008) and Aly et al (2014).…”

“…CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid led to solve some of soil phosphatic compounds and so it increases the phosphorus compounds in soil solution. Moreover, decreasing the soil pH (or increasing the soil acidity) led to increase the availability of nutritive elements to absorption by plants.and B) Yeast contents of proteins, growth substances (growth regulators) and vitamins as it were mentioned by Warring and Phillips (1973), Natio et al (1981), Nagodawithana (1991) and Mok and Mok (2001). Similar results were stated by Stemwedel (2009), Ferweez et al (2011) and Abd El-Azez (2014).…”

“…Also it plays a role in flower initiation due its effect on carbohydrates accumulation. Natio et al (1981) showed that yeast treatments play a beneficial role in cell division and cell enlargement. Nagodawithana (1991) stated that yeast as a natural stimulator was characterized by its richness in protein (47%), carbohydrates (33%), nucleic acid (8%), as well as Na, Mg, K, P, S, Zn, Cu, Ni, Va and Li.…”

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“…These effects of bread yeast might play a role in the synthesis of protein and nucleic acids which enhances cell division and enlargement leading to number, weight, length, diameter of berry increases. Findings in this study are on line with those found by Natio et al, (1981) and Akle et al, (1997). Increasing the number of berries per cluster by using nitrogen organic fertilizer (as foliar spraying) may due to its positive effect on cell division and elongation which lead to improve growth; berry set and cluster number per vine, which reflected on improvement of the yield per vine (Ribereau-Gayon and Paynoud, 1978; Champagnol, acadj@garmian.edu.krd Vol.5, No.2 (June, 2018) 1978).…”

“…Increasing number of clusters resulting in bread yeast application may be due to bread yeast containment of Cytokinin the high content of vitamin B5 and minerals. Yeast composition might be play a considerable role in orientation and translocation of metabolites from leaves in to the productive organs and in the synthesis of protein, and nucleic acid (Natio et al, 1981). Warring and Philips (1973) stated that bread yeast is rich in tryptophan which consider precursor of IAA which stimulate cell division and elongation.…”