Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Aerobic Response during Swimming

Pinna, Marco; Roberto, Silvana; Milia, Raffaele; Marongiu, Elisabetta; Olla, Sergio; Loi, Andrea; Migliaccio, Gian Mario; Padulo, Johnny; Orlandi, Carmine; Tocco, Filippo; Concu, Alberto; Crisafulli, Antonio

doi:10.3390/nu6020605

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Conversely, the effects of nitrate supplementation on swimming performance -4 a sport where, anecdotally, nitrate supplementation appears to be highly prevalent -are poorly understood. Recently, Pinna et al (2014) reported an increased workload at the anaerobic threshold and reduced aerobic energy cost during incremental tethered swimming consequent to nitrate supplementation. These results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of nitrate supplementation during swimming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

Lowings¹,

Shannon²,

Deighton³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Nitrate supplementation appears to be most ergogenic when oxygen availability is restricted and subsequently may be particularly beneficial for swimming performance due to the breathhold element of this sport. This represents the first investigation of nitrate supplementation and swimming time-trial (TT) performance.In a randomised double-blind repeated-measures crossover study, ten (5male, 5female) trained swimmers ingested 140ml nitrate-rich (~12.5mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (~0.01mmol nitrate) beetroot juice. Three hours later, subjects completed a maximal effort swim TT comprising 168m (8 x 21m lengths) backstroke.Pre-exercise fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration was significantly elevated with nitrate compared to placebo (17±9 vs. 7±3p.p.b., p=0.008). Nitrate supplementation had a likely trivial effect on overall swim TT performance (mean difference 1.22s; 90% CI -0.18-2.6s; 0.93%; p=0.144; d=0.13; unlikely beneficial (22.6%), likely trivial (77.2%), most unlikely negative (0.2%)). The effects of nitrate supplementation during the first half of the TT were trivial (mean difference 0.29s; 90% CI -0.94-1.5s; 0.46%; p=0.678; d=0.05), but there was a possible beneficial effect of nitrate supplementation during the second half of the TT (mean difference 0.93s; 90% CI 0.13-1.70s; 1.36%; p=0.062; d=0.24; possibly beneficial (63.5%), possibly trivial (36.3%), most unlikely negative (0.2%)). The duration and speed of underwater swimming within the performance did not differ between nitrate and placebo (both p>0.30).Nitrate supplementation increased nitric oxide bioavailability but did not benefit short-distance swimming performance or the underwater phases of the TT. Further investigation into the effects of nitrate supplementation during the second half of performance tests may be warranted.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

Lowings¹,

Shannon²,

Deighton³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Así, el jugo de betarraga podría tener impacto positivo en las respuestas fisiológicas al ejercicio. En el músculo esquelético, el jugo de betarraga estimula la producción de NO, que a su vez aumenta el flujo sanguíneo y mejora la disposición del O2 muscular mientras se camina, corre, monta bicicleta o nada (3) . También el nitrato de la espinaca, betarraga, lechuga y otros vegetales ricos en nitratos, aumenta la eficiencia de mitocondrias humanas aisladas, lo que se refleja en disminución en la tasa metabólica en reposo y la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno, efecto que podría tener implicancias en la regulación de la función metabólica en la salud y la enfermedad (4) .…”

Section: Editorialunclassified

Editorial

Pacheco

2014

An Fac med

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Prontos a remitir el presente Editorial para diagramación,hemos recibido un correo que nos comunica el fallecimiento de la hematóloga peruana Dra. Bertha A. Bouroncle Pereny, en Columbus, Ohio, a la edad de 93 años. La Dra. Bouroncle, graduada de la Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, alrededor de 1950, tuvo una exitosa carrera científica, entre otros por haber identificado el cáncer denominado hairy cell leukemia y por participar en otros descubrimientos de la leucemia infantil.

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“…Dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (BR), as a precursor to NO, has acquired much attention for its proposed ergogenic properties and improves performance in sports such as rowing (2) and swimming (3) . Considering that most studies of BR ingestion to date have used endurance-related exercise models, there is a clear gap in literature regarding the effects of acute ingestion of BR on repeated sprint performance (RSP) as representative of team sport performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute ingestion of beetroot juice does not improve repeated sprint performance in male team sport athletes

et al. 2016

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule that plays a role in numerous physiological functions including the regulation of blood flow, neurotransmission, mitochondrial respiration, muscle contractility, myocyte differentiation, and glucose and calcium homeostasis (1) . Dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (BR), as a precursor to NO, has acquired much attention for its proposed ergogenic properties and improves performance in sports such as rowing (2) and swimming (3) . Considering that most studies of BR ingestion to date have used endurance-related exercise models, there is a clear gap in literature regarding the effects of acute ingestion of BR on repeated sprint performance (RSP) as representative of team sport performance.After obtaining ethical approval from the local research ethics committee (permit: LS-12-181-Reynolds-Egan) for procedures in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, sixteen male team sport athletes (age, 20·9 ± 1·8 y; height, 180·1 ± 5·3 cm; body mass, 80·8 ± 7·9 kg; body fat, 14·6 ± 4·2 %) provided written informed consent and were recruited to complete four trials utilising the 40 m multiple shuttle test (MST) (4) as a measure of RSP. The MST comprises of a 40 m all-out sprint that encompasses two 180°changes of direction. The 40 m sprint is repeated 10 times on a 30 second cycle. Sprint times (sec) were recorded using photoelectric timing gates (Fusion). Heart rate was monitored continuously using telemetry (Polar). Blood lactate was measured at rest and five minutes after the 10 th sprint from a fingerprick sample (LactatePro). Trials one and two were familiarisation sessions. For trials three and four, in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, participants ingested, three hours before the commencement of the MST, either a 7 cl 'shot' of BR providing ∼6 mmol of nitrate, or 7cl 'shot' of nitrate-depleted BR (placebo, PL; providing ∼0·0034 mmol of nitrate). All trials took place at the same time of the day ± 1 h, and each participant had a minimum of seven days between trials. Changes in plasma nitrate were assessed (Nitrate/Nitrite Colorimetric Assay Kit, Cayman Chemical) on venous samples collected prior to commencing the 40 m MST for trials three and four.There was no difference observed between PL and BR for fastest sprint time (PL, 8·27 ± 0·26 vs. BR, 8·31 ± 0·27 sec; P = 0·341) or total sprint time (PL, 87·4 ± 2·9 vs. BR, 87·5 ± 2·3 sec; P = 0·804). Based on the performance decrement calculation of RSP (4) , there was no difference between trials (PL, 5·71 ± 2·61 % vs. BR, 5·31 ± 2·49 %; P = 0·334). Heart rate did not differ between trials, but blood lactate tended (P = 0·109) to be lower in BR (PL, 12·3 ± 2·3 vs. BR, 11·8 ± 2·5 mM).The present study suggests that despite the well-established ergogenic effects of acute ingestion of BR in endurance-type exercise challenges, BR does not improve performance in short-duration high intensity performance such as the 40 m MST. Given previous work suggesting a benefit in short-duration running (1) ...

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Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Aerobic Response during Swimming

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Swimming Performance in Trained Swimmers

Editorial

Acute ingestion of beetroot juice does not improve repeated sprint performance in male team sport athletes

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