Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Coles, Leah; Clifton, Peter M.

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-106

Cited by 129 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…28 FMD has been found to serve as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease. 29 In this study, although both RBJ and CB improved endothelial function owing to the vasodilator properties Compared the effects of raw beet juice and cooked beet on CVD risk factor S Asgary et al of nitrate present in red beet, this capacity was higher with RBJ compared with CB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of hypertension, endothelial function and systemic inflammation following short-term supplementation with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice: a randomized crossover pilot study

et al. 2016

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Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has a prevalence of about one billion people worldwide. It has been shown that adherence to a diet rich in fruits and vegetables helps in decreasing blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to investigate the effect of raw beet juice (RBJ) and cooked beet (CB) on BP of hypertensive subjects. In this randomized crossover study, 24 hypertensive subjects aged 25-68 years old were divided into two groups. One group took RBJ for 2 weeks and the other group took CB. After 2 weeks of treatment, both groups had a washout for 2 weeks then switched to the alternate treatment. Each participant consumed 250 ml day(-1) of RBJ or 250 g day(-1) of CB each for a period of 2 weeks. Body weight, BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), lipid profile and inflammatory parameters were measured at baseline and after each period. According to the results, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly lower and FMD was significantly higher after treatment with RBJ compared with CB (P<0.05). FMD was significantly (P<0.05) increased, but systolic and diastolic BP, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), hs-CRP, interleukin-6, E-selectin and TNF-α were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with RBJ or CB. Total antioxidant capacity was increased and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) were decreased with RBJ but not with CB. Although both forms of beetroot were effective in improving BP, endothelial function and systemic inflammation, the raw beetroot juice had greater antihypertensive effects. Also more improvement was observed in endothelial function and systemic inflammation with RBJ compared with CB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of hypertension, endothelial function and systemic inflammation following short-term supplementation with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice: a randomized crossover pilot study

et al. 2016

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“…This was also 1 of only 2 studies examining vascular outcomes of dietary nitrate supplementation that used a “true placebo” (i.e., nitrate-depleted beetroot juice; e.g., Gilchrist et al 2013) and one of very few acute supplementation studies that did not restrict subjects’ diets of nitrate containing foods prior to supplementation (i.e., nitrate-free run in diet; e.g., Coles and Clifton 2012). The use of a true placebo that differs only in nitrate content, along with standardized pre-visit instructions to avoid caffeine, exercise, and oral anti-bacterial hygiene (teeth brushing, mouthwash) is arguably the most rigorous means of testing the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation per se on vascular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute dietary nitrate supplementation does not augment submaximal forearm exercise hyperemia in healthy young men

Kim

Moore

Maurer

et al. 2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Despite the popularity of dietary nitrate supplementation and the growing evidence base of its potential ergogenic and vascular health benefits, there is no direct information about its effects on exercising limb blood flow in humans. We hypothesized that acute dietary nitrate supplementation from beetroot juice would augment the increases in forearm blood flow, as well as the progressive dilation of the brachial artery, during graded handgrip exercise in healthy young men. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 12 young (22 ± 2 years) healthy men consumed a beetroot juice (140 mL Beet-It Sport, James White Juice Company) that provided 12.9 mmol (0.8 g) of nitrate or placebo (nitrate-depleted Beet-It Sport) on 2 study visits. At 3 h postconsumption, brachial artery diameter, flow, and blood velocity were measured (Doppler ultrasound) at rest and during 6 exercise intensities. Nitrate supplementation raised plasma nitrate (19.5-fold) and nitrite (1.6-fold) concentrations, and lowered resting arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) versus placebo (all p < 0.05) indicating absorption, conversion, and a biological effect of this supplement. The supplement-associated lowering of PWV was also negatively correlated with plasma nitrite (r = -0.72, p = 0.0127). Despite these systemic effects, nitrate supplementation had no effect on brachial artery diameter, flow, or shear rates at rest (all p ≥ 0.28) or during any exercise workload (all p ≥ 0.18). These findings suggest that acute dietary nitrate supplementation favorably modifies arterial PWV, but does not augment blood flow or brachial artery vasodilation during non-fatiguing forearm exercise in healthy young men.

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“…The consumption of beetroot juice on a low nitrate diet as a source of inorganic nitrate (NO 3 ) may lower BP [100].…”

Section: Beetroot Juicementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and Blood Pressure Control: Results from Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses

Cicero

Colletti

2015

High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev

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Beyond the well-known effects on blood pressure (BP) of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diets, a large number of studies has investigated the possible BP lowering effect of different dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, the most part of them being antioxidant agents with a high tolerability and safety profile. In particular relatively large body of evidence support the use of potassium, L-arginine, vitamin C, cocoa flavonoids, beetroot juice, coenzyme Q10, controlled-release melatonin, and aged garlic extract. However there is a need for data about the long-term safety of a large part of the above discussed products. Moreover further clinical research is advisable to identify between the available active nutraceuticals those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for a large use in general population with low-added cardiovascular risk related to uncomplicated hypertension.

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Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Cited by 129 publications

References 26 publications

Improvement of hypertension, endothelial function and systemic inflammation following short-term supplementation with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice: a randomized crossover pilot study

Improvement of hypertension, endothelial function and systemic inflammation following short-term supplementation with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice: a randomized crossover pilot study

Acute dietary nitrate supplementation does not augment submaximal forearm exercise hyperemia in healthy young men

Nutraceuticals and Blood Pressure Control: Results from Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses

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