Effect of Basicity on the Sulfur Precipitation and Occurrence State in Kambara Reactor Desulfurization Slag

Zhu, Renlin; Li, Jianli; Jiang, Jiajun; Yu, Yue; Zhu, Hangyu

doi:10.3390/min11090977

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…A large amount of solid waste, such as pulverized blast furnace slag, desulfurized slag, and steel slag, is produced in the process of desulfurization and converter steelmaking. The Kanbara Reactor (KR) desulfurization process is widely used in various steel plants as an efficient pre-desulfurization process before the converter process [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In the KR desulfurization process, an impeller lined with refractory material is submerged in the ladle, where it rotates and stirs the hot metal to create a vortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flow Rate and Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Desulfurization of KR Slag

Jiang,

Muvunyi

et al. 2024

Metals

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KR (Kanbara Reaction) desulfurization slag is a solid waste that is not sufficiently utilized. This is because the KR desulfurization slag contains 1–2.5% sulfur, which is directly used in steel smelting to increase the sulfur content in molten steel. Therefore, the possibility of oxidation desulfurization of KR desulfurization slag was studied in this study. Experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of removing sulfur from used KR (Kambara Reaction) slag with oxidation. The KR slag samples were treated with oxidative desulfurization in the oxygen partial pressure range of 0.05 bar–1.00 bar, with a gas flow rate ranging from 2 L min−1 to 6 L min−1, and at a temperature of 1420 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), an infrared carbon sulfur analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS) analysis were used to reveal the oxidative desulfurization mechanism of KR desulfurization slag. At low oxygen pressure (PO2 < 0.20 bar), the desulfurization rate of slag oxidized for 120 min increased with the increase in oxygen partial pressure. At high oxygen pressure (PO2 ≥ 0.20 bar), the desulfurization rate of slag samples did not change with the change in oxygen partial pressure, and the desulfurization rate was higher than 93.5%. At low oxygen pressure (PO2 < 0.20 bar), the residual sulfur in the slag after oxidation still existed in the slag as the CaS phase. At high oxygen pressure (PO2 ≥ 0.20 bar), the residual sulfur in the slag oxidized from the CaS phase to the 11CaO·7Al2O3·CaS phase in the slag. The sulfur removal rate was directly correlated with the slag surface area and the flow rate of the reaction gas, and it increased with an increase in both surface area and gas flow rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flow Rate and Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Desulfurization of KR Slag

Jiang,

Muvunyi

et al. 2024

Metals

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Effect of temperature on oxidation behavior and occurrence state of sulfur in KR slag

Jiang,

Xiao,

et al. 2023

J min metall B Metall

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The main component (CaO) in KR(Kambara Reaction) desulfurization slag is a high quality slag-making raw material for converter smelting, and attempts to utilize KR desulfurization slag in converter smelting are conducive to reducing the buildup of KR desulfurization slag and improving the economic efficiency of converter smelting. However, the removal of sulfur in the slag becomes a key issue. The influence of temperature on the sulfur oxidation behavior in KR slag in the form of synthetic slag was investigated. SEM-EDS, XRD, and infrared carbon and sulfur analyzer were used to analyze and detect the oxidized slag samples at different temperatures. The results show that when the flow rate of Ar-50%O2 is 2 L/ min, the desulfurization rate increases gradually with the increase in temperature. Under the condition of low temperature (T ? 1220?C), the desulfurization rate of slag is less affected by temperature. When T > 1220?C, the desulfurization rate of slag is greatly affected by temperature. Moreover, when the reaction temperature reaches 1420?C, the desulfurization rate reaches 93.5%. Furthermore, the types of sulfur-containing phases in the oxidized slag samples gradually decrease with the increase in temperature, and the sulfur in the oxidized slag samples mainly exists in the silicate phase when the temperature is less than or equal to 1220?C.

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Modeling of the influence of the bath blowing mode on mass exchange processes and slag formation in the oxygen converter

et al. 2022

1, 2022

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Рurpose. Establish rational modes of bath blowing and slag formation when using traditional and experimental materials that ensure effective refining of steel from harmful impurities. To investigate the influence of the change in the hydrodynamic state of the converter bath on the stability of the lining of problem areas of the converter and the loss of metal with removal, emissions, with metal balls merging with the slag. Method. The work uses methods of cold and high-temperature modeling of the steel smelting process. When conducting experiments on cold modeling, the mode of penetration of gas jets into the liquid on the sample and the model was observed with the provision of Lrz/Nv (model) = Lrz/Nv (converter). Nv is the depth of the bath on the model and the wor king converter. Lrz - the length of the reaction zone in high-temperature simulations was determined as the length of the primary reaction zone, and in the cold one - as the length of the jet section formed when the gas jet penetrates the liquid. These conditions, together with ensuring the similarity of the geometry of the model and the sample, were consi dered necessary and sufficient for obtaining data for qualitative and quantitative assessment of both the hydrodynamic state of the converter bath and the effect of changing the method and parameters of blowing the bath on the physicochemical features of steel refining according to the time of the process. An additional condition is compliance with the condition of equality of the ratio of the plane of the bath to the plane of the internal section of the nozzle of the blowing nozzle: (Sbaths/Snozzles) model=(Sbaths/Snozzles) sample on the model and sample. Scientific novelty. Theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the expediency of using to determine the effect on physico-chemical processes and conversion in the converter bath of the blowing mode, for the characteristic of which the parameter - hydrodynamic factor equal to the ratio LrzI/Nv was chosen. In turn, the length of the reaction zone that remains when the gas jet enters the bath depends on the intensity of blowing: Lrz ~ K q0.4. For the first time, the parameter that determines the state of mixing of the bath during its oxygen blowing - LrzI/Nv - was used to determine the intensity of sulfur conversion into slag during the oxygen blowing of the iron-carbon melt of the converter bath for the range of changes in the carbon content in it 3.0...0.25. where LrzI is the length of the primary reaction zone, which is formed when the oxygen jet penetrates the metal melt. The primary reaction zone is the source of the formation of CO bubbles according to the reaction FeO + C = Fe + CO, which are responsible for the intensity of mixing of the bath through the formation of circulating flows of metal in the bath, which in turn are responsible for the transport of impurity elements to the metal-slag boundary. It is shown that in the given range of changes in the content of carbon in the metal melt, the dependence of the removal rate of sulfur from the metal into the slag on the hydrodynamic parameter LrzI/Nv is extreme. At this time, when the maximum mixing effect of the bath is achieved, in the presence of the necessary basicity of the slag phase, the speed of the desulfurization reaction for these conditions is maximum. In the future, in the case of the implementation of the traditional conversion scheme, which is characterized by a sharp increase in the content of iron oxides in the slag (15...17%), the speed of the desulfurization reaction decreased even with a sufficient speed of metal flows. Practical significance. Reducing the intensity of metal bath blowing in the conditions of steel smelting in a laboratory oxygen converter with upper oxygen blowing from 4.0 m3/t•min to 3.2 m3/t•min, while increasing the blowing time by 17.8%, increased the desulphurization rate . Bringing the desulfurization reaction to its fuller completion was achieved due to the rational organization of mixing the melt in the converter bath: the appropriate and effective rate of metal delivery to the reaction surface from the point of view of the completion of steel desulfurization ensured a higher speed of the desulfurization reaction at the border compared to more intensive blowing of the bath with oxygen metal-slag distribution. At the same time, the value of the indicator Ls =(S)/[S] increased from 6.4 to 10.5.

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Effect of Basicity on the Sulfur Precipitation and Occurrence State in Kambara Reactor Desulfurization Slag

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Flow Rate and Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Desulfurization of KR Slag

Effect of Flow Rate and Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Desulfurization of KR Slag

Effect of temperature on oxidation behavior and occurrence state of sulfur in KR slag

Modeling of the influence of the bath blowing mode on mass exchange processes and slag formation in the oxygen converter

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