Effect of basicity of glass frits on electrical properties of Si solar cells

Kim, Yurian; Huh, Jeung-Soo; Kim, Hyung Sun

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2018.05.015

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, the glass powder exerts a crucial influence on the etching degree of the ARC and the degree of ohmic contact. Currently, the utilization of lead-based glass powder remains pervasive in the solar cell industry, primarily owing to its low T g , which significantly lowers the softening temperature of the glass system (Kim et al, 2018;Mikeska et al, 2019). In addition, the PbO-containing glass powder demonstrates favorable wettability with various battery base materials.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Te-based lead-free glass powder containing Ge and Ag+ on the contact formation and electrical performance of silicon solar cells

Yu,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Front. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Te-based glass powder exhibits distinctive characteristics such as a low melting temperature and high chemical stability, rendering it a focal point of research in the realm of glass powder applications for solar cells. In this investigation, a pioneering Ge-containing Te-based lead-free glass powder was synthesized, and the influence of GeO2 content on critical parameters such as glass transition temperature (Tg), high-temperature fluidity, high-temperature wettability, acid and alkali resistance, as well as the network structure of the glass, was systematically explored. At an optimal GeO2 content of 8%, the glass powder displayed the lowest Tg (437°C), accompanied by a subdued crystallization reaction. The high-temperature fluidity and wettability exhibited favorable characteristics, indicating that the inclusion of GeO2 in the glass powder resulted in an enhanced interface contact. Building upon this foundation, techniques to augment the Ag+ content within the glass powder were investigated, along with the interaction between Ag+ and the SiNx anti-reflection layer or silicon on the surface of crystalline silicon solar cells. It was discerned that the Ag+ content in the glass powder significantly influences the deposition of silver microcrystals on the surface of crystalline silicon, thereby impacting the contact resistance of the solar cell. Then influences the series resistance and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

show abstract

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Te-based lead-free glass powder containing Ge and Ag+ on the contact formation and electrical performance of silicon solar cells

Yu,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Front. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on manifold studies, the contact formation process and the properties of the metal-semiconductor interface of fire-through silver paste on n-type silicon emitters have been deeply investigated. Today, it is mostly accepted that several current paths contribute to the current flow between the silicon semiconductor and the printed and fired silver grid, 38,[184][185][186][187][188][189] namely, local direct contacts between silver bulk and the silicon surface, 16,145 silver crystallites formed on the silicon surface during the contact formation process, 36 and tunneling of charge carriers through glass layers enriched with dissolved silver and silver colloids [190][191][192][193][194][195] as shown in Figure 3. A further important finding discovered the crucial role of electrons during the firing process.…”

Section: Metal-semiconductor Contact and Metalinduced Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing technologies for silicon solar cell metallization: A comprehensive review

Tepner

Lorenz

2023

Progress in Photovoltaics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a comprehensive overview on printing technologies for metallization of solar cells. Throughout the last 30 years, flatbed screen printing has established itself as the predominant metallization process for the mass production of silicon solar cells. For this reason, we will provide a detailed review on its history, its evolution over time, and how the continuous efforts of the scientific and industrial community for further improvements revolutionized the entire PV industry. Furthermore, we will guide the reader through the physics on silicon solar cell metallization, the fundamentals on contact formation, and what type of challenges and requirements these topics create for printing technologies. The main topic of this review addresses the flatbed screen-printing process mechanics, its different process sequences, corresponding screen technology, and the very important impact of paste rheology on the printing result. Finally, we will compare alternative upcoming printing approaches to flatbed screen printing and discuss how they might solve upcoming challenges in metallization in terms of increasing the throughput rates at an everdecreasing grid line width and reduced silver consumption.

show abstract

“…29,30 However, there are several reports that Al-free Ag pastes can also result in reasonably good contacts with B-doped Si emitters. [31][32][33] It has long been known that the glass frit chemistry, [34][35][36][37][38][39] as well as the shape and size of Ag powder, 17,40 exert a strong influence on the contact properties of the fire-through Ag metallization of c-Si solar cells. However, the mechanisms underlying their effects on contact formation are still largely unknown, thus motivating further studies to clarify the exact nature of contact firing reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of short‐circuit effect along screen‐printed silver gridlines during the contact firing process of crystalline silicon solar cells

Kim

Cho

et al. 2022

Progress in Photovoltaics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The "short-circuit effect" in the fire-through Ag metallization of crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells refers to the poor contact formation caused by an electrical short between the Ag gridline and underlying Si emitter during contact firing. This study employs two different Ag pastes containing PbO-and TeO 2 -based glass frits to investigate the dependence of the short-circuit effect on the length and pattern of the Ag finger lines. The results show that regardless of the employed glass frits, the short-circuit effect is mitigated even near the short spot and gradually attenuated along the finger line away from the spot as the Ag finger line extends radially longer than the critical length (>35 mm). We demonstrate that this attenuation is independent of the finger line width and predominantly attributed to the ohmic drop of the electrode potential along the Si substrate. The results also show that, regardless of the glass frits, the contact quality is strongly correlated with the density of the Ag crystallites that are formed on the Si emitter surface. The 6-in full-cell tests indicate that the isolation of the short spots by segmenting the Ag finger lines does not necessarily result in the mitigation of the short-circuit effect. We suggest that the reduction of Ag + on the Si emitter surface should be the key process that must be controlled to achieve highquality contacts during contact firing, providing further insights into the electrochemical characteristics of contact firing reactions for the future development of Ag pastes.

show abstract

Effect of basicity of glass frits on electrical properties of Si solar cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

The effect of Te-based lead-free glass powder containing Ge and Ag+ on the contact formation and electrical performance of silicon solar cells

The effect of Te-based lead-free glass powder containing Ge and Ag+ on the contact formation and electrical performance of silicon solar cells

Printing technologies for silicon solar cell metallization: A comprehensive review

Attenuation of short‐circuit effect along screen‐printed silver gridlines during the contact firing process of crystalline silicon solar cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About