Effect of barbiturate sleep on the electrical activity of the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Kajtor, F; Hullay, J; Farago, L; Haberland, K

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(57)90033-0

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For abbreviations, see Fig.2 legend. similar effect of inversion between surface and hippocampal recordings of TLE patients in barbiturate sleep (14). Their observation indicated that deep sleep resulted in suppression of hippocampal spikes and maximal augmentation of cortical spikes at the same time.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Interictal Epileptic Spiking during Sleep and Wakefulness in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparative Study of Scalp and Foramen Ovale Electrodes

et al. 2003

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Summary:Purpose: To assess distribution of temporal lobe spikes across different states of sleep and wakefulness in simultaneous scalp and foramen ovale (Fo) recordings.Methods: The study included 12 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). As part of their presurgical evaluation, patients underwent long-term video-EEG monitoring with combined scalp and foramen ovale electrodes (FoEs). In addition to traditional sleep scoring, waking was subdivided into eyes-opened and eyes-closed states, and rapid-eyemovement (REM) sleep was divided into phasic and tonic states. Spike counts were carried out visually for scalp and FoEs, and spiking rates were determined for each state. A ratio between FoE and scalp spiking rates also was calculated for each state.Results: Scalp spiking showed a significant increase during NREM3,4, whereas FoE spiking increased during NREM2. The scalp/FoE ratio significantly increased during NREM3,4. A significant difference in spiking rate also was found between phasic and tonic REM states as well as between waking with eyes opened and closed in FoE recordings.Conclusions: Our data provide evidence of a discrepancy in spike distribution across different states of sleep and waking monitored by scalp and FoE recordings. We suggest that these discrepancies may reflect differences in archicortical and neocortical spike synchronization. Key Words: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy-Sleep-Interictal spike-Foramen ovaleHippocampus.Sleep-related modulation of epileptic activity is a well-known common feature of different epilepsy syndromes. Non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep has been shown by most authors to activate interictal epileptic activity in both partial (1) and primary generalized epilepsy syndromes (2), whereas REM and waking has a contrary effect. Considerable controversy surrounds the issue of whether light NREM or deep NREM sleep exerts a stronger facilitatory effect on spiking. There is accumulating evidence that this may depend on the type of epilepsy syndrome being studied. According to recent spectral analysis results, a range of idiopathic childhood epileptic syndromes (3-8) can be characterized by increased spiking in the sigma range related to spindle synchronization present mainly during NREM2. Adult partial epilepsies, conversely, are accompanied by increased spiking related to the delta frequency range (9,10). The same tendency in spike activation was reported earlier by several visually scored studies (11-13) finding highest levels of spike activation during deep NREM stages in most temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Nevertheless, both visually scored and spectralanalysis studies revealed small groups of patients deviating from this trend, exhibiting maximal spiking rates during light NREM, REM, or waking.A second point of controversy concerns the spiking properties of mesiotemporal structures. There are reports describing maximal spike activation mainly during deep NREM stages (11,12), whereas other authors described increased spiking mainly during light NREM stages ...

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…There are reports describing maximal spike activation mainly during deep NREM stages (11,12), whereas other authors described increased spiking mainly during light NREM stages (14)(15)(16). There also are hints that state-dependency in spiking is further modulated by additional factors such as the degree of local epileptogenicity (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interictal Epileptic Spiking during Sleep and Wakefulness in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparative Study of Scalp and Foramen Ovale Electrodes

et al. 2003

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“…Some authors have proposed that sleep deprivation per se, with its stressful effect on the patient, is the true activator 6,8,9 . Others have attributed the increase in epileptic discharges that occur during sleep to sleep itself 10 , regardless of whether this sleep occurs as a spontaneous nap 11 , is induced after sedation [12][13][14] , or ensues after 24-hour sleep deprivation [15][16][17] . Others have emphasized the increased probability of epileptic discharges emerging with repeated recordings 12,18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usefulness of sleep and sleep deprivation as activating methods in electroencephalographic recording Contribution to a long-standing discussion

Roupakiotis¹,

Gatzonis²,

Triantafyllou³

et al. 2000

Seizure

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Sedated sleep and sleep deprivation are commonly used methods to increase the diagnostic yield of the electroencephalogram (EEG), especially in the evaluation of people with epilepsy, but the rate of activation achieved by them is controversial, as is the issue of whether it is sleep itself, or sleep deprivation which is responsible for their alleged efficacy. We retrospectively studied the EEGs of epileptic patients, examined in our laboratory, who, after having undergone an inconclusive initial routine recording, had then been examined with a second recording. This was after either: (1) sleep deprivation with evidence of drowsiness in the recordings, (2) sleep deprivation without drowsiness (indicative of the effect which sleep deprivation per se has in eliciting abnormal patterns), or (3) drug-induced sedation. The activation rates found were (1) 22.5%, (2) 24% (22.6% for sleep deprivation collectively, regardless of the presence or not of subsequent drowsiness) and (3) 27% respectively. Only the sleep deprivation rate was statistically different from the 9.6% increased rate of abnormal patterns elicited by the simple repeating of a second routine recording, while the rate of drug-induced sleep was not. Although, sleep deprivation appeared to be more effective as an activating method of EEG compared with sedated sleep, no conclusions could be drawn about which stage of sleep, wakefulness or drowsiness, is primarily responsible for the method's efficacy.

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“…In 1957 Kajtor et al reported changes occurring with varying depths of sleep in 3 patients undergoing surgery for temporal lobe seizures (7). They indicated that electrodes placed on the cut surface of the hippocampal region recorded spikes best during the stage of light sleep and drowsiness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic Abnormalities during Sleep as Related to the Temporal Distribution of Seizures

et al. 1962

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SUMMARY The sleep and awake EEG's of 90 epileptics and 30 normal controls were evaluated. The epileptics were divided into three groups: (1) Nocturnal seizures predominately, (2) Diurnal seizures predominately, (3) Mixed diurnal and nocturnal seizures. Patients with nocturnal seizures showed greater numbers and degrees of abnormalities during sleep EEG's. In patients with diurnal seizures abnormalities appeared about equally in sleep and awake EEG's. The stage of sleep most useful for detecting abnormalities was drowsiness‐light sleep. Depriving the patient of anticonvulsant medication for 24 hours did not increase the chance of abnormalities occurring during sleep recordings. The sleep recordings were conducted on a 16 channel electroencephalograph using bipolar and monopolar recording techniques simultaneously. Except that bipolar recordings seemed to detect foci better, these techniques appeared to be equal in their ability to display abnormalities associated with epilepsy. RÉSUMÉ Les E.E.G. enregistrés en sommeil ou en veille chez 90 épileptiques et 30 témoins normaux ont étéétudiés. Les épileptiques avaient été répartis en trois groupes: (1) Crises nocturnes prédominantes, (2) Crises diurnes prédominantes et (3) Crises diurnes et nocturnes mélangées. Les malades ayant des crises nocturnes ont donné dans ľE.E.G. en sommeil des anomalies en chiffres et en dégres plus élevés. Chez les malades souffrant de crises diurnes, les anomalies se sont manifestées à peu prés également dans ľE.E.G. pendant le sommeil et pendant la veille. La phase du sommeil la plus favorable à la détection ďanomalies a été celle ďun sommeil léger. La privation de médicament anticonvulsif infligée au malade pendant 24 heures n'a pas augmenté la chance des anomalies se produisant lors de ľenregistrement pendant le sommeil. Les E.E.G. pris pendant le sommeil ľont été avec électroencéphalographe à 16 canaux faisant un usage simultané de techniques bipolaires et monopolaires ďenregistrement. Exception faite du fait que ľenregistrement bipolaire a semblé mieux révéler les foci, ces techniques se sont montrées de valeur égale dans la détection des anomalies associées àľépilepsie.

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Effect of barbiturate sleep on the electrical activity of the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Interictal Epileptic Spiking during Sleep and Wakefulness in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparative Study of Scalp and Foramen Ovale Electrodes

Interictal Epileptic Spiking during Sleep and Wakefulness in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparative Study of Scalp and Foramen Ovale Electrodes

The usefulness of sleep and sleep deprivation as activating methods in electroencephalographic recording Contribution to a long-standing discussion

Electroencephalographic Abnormalities during Sleep as Related to the Temporal Distribution of Seizures

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