Effect of Banana Bunchy Top Virus on the Heat Shock Protein Genes of Pentalonia nigronervosa during Temperature Susceptibility and Its Effect on Virus Transmission

Abstract

Acquisition of plant viruses is known to exert various effects on vectors’ developmental biology. Pentalonia nigronervosa is the only known vector of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), which is an economically detrimental virus infecting banana cultivars all over the world. In the present study, the developmental biology of viruliferous (Vr) and non-viruliferous (NVr) aphids was compared, with a marked reduction noted in the lifespan of aphids upon acquisition of BBTV. Among all the environmental parameters temperature is an important determinant of an insect’s abundance and geographical distribution. Temperature susceptibility of P. nigronervosa was scrutinized by comparing the mortality percentage and differential expression pattern of three heat shock proteins (Hsps; Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90) at the mRNA level between NVr and Vr aphids. After exposure to different temperature stress (5 °C, 15 °C, 38 °C and 25 °C as control) highest mortality of Vr aphids were recorded at 5 °C. Analysis of expression levels of Hsp genes using qPCR showed that both cold and heat shock treatment stimulated higher expression of the three Hsps at various rates in Vr than NVr aphids.. Finally, the effect of temperature stress on the BBTV titer level and their transmission by P.nigronervosa was determined by absolute quantification. The transmission efficiency along with the virus titer was found to be the lowest at 15 °C compared to 38 °C. Overall, our results provide a novel insight into the intricate interaction between aphid fitness and thermal stress concerning the acquisition and transmission of BBTV, which could be a roadmap for the future epidemiological control system.

The aphidPentalonia nigronervosa(Hemiptera: Aphididae) takes advantage from the quality change in banana plant associated withBanana bunchy top virusinfection

“…The results of our study are consistent with those of Chakraborty et al (2021) in which, on Cavendish dessert banana plants, aphids reared on infected banana plants had a shorter life span than aphids reared on uninfected banana plants. This highlights the negative effect of BBTV on the longevity and survival rate of P. nigronervosa on dessert banana plants, while the effect of BBTV appears to be neutral on the longevity of aphids reared on plantain banana plants.…”

Trans-kingdom interactions between viruses-plants-vector insects and viral disease epidemics

“…已有相关研究表明, 媒介昆虫在携带 病原物后会改变其对温度的敏感性 [137,138] . 例如, 烟粉 虱和香蕉交脉蚜分别携带TYLCV和香蕉束顶病毒 (Banana bunchy top virus)后, 对低温和高温的耐受性 均显著下降 [139,140] , 这或许是病毒限制媒介昆虫将病毒 传播至非适温地区的原因, 也可能是病毒控制媒介昆 虫种群数量的手段之一. 有意思的是, SRBSDV通过 代谢调控降低了其媒介白背飞虱对低温的耐受性, 但 显著提高了白背飞虱对高温的耐受能力 [141,142] , 这一 机制使携带病毒的白背飞虱更适应在低纬度定殖, 且 高温更有利于SRBSDV非结构蛋白P7-1形成的含有病 毒的管状结构的组装, 有助于病毒的传播 [143] , 所以该 重大病害主要在我国南方稻区流行.…”

Transcription dynamics of heat-shock proteins (Hsps) and endosymbiont titres in response to thermal stress in whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Asia-I)

“…Hsp genes are a central protagonist in helping organisms to cope with different environmental challenges, such as pathogen infection, xenobiotic substances, and thermal stress conditions (Chakraborty et al, 2021;Derecka et al, 2013;Somero, 1995;Sun and MacRae 2005;Tissiêrs et al, 1974). The present study puts forward the differential expression of three Hsp genes (Hsp40, Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org Hsp70, and Hsp90) in B. tabaci under a heat-shock condition.…”