Effect of ball-milling on crystallinity index, degree of polymerization and thermal stability of cellulose

Abstract

A combined study of crystallinity index (CI), degree of polymerisation (DP) and thermal stability of cellulose was carried out for monitoring the effect of ball-milling. DP and CI are two fundamental quantities that describe the physico-chemical behaviour of cellulose. Milling is a common strategy to reduce cellulose crystallinity. In this work, four different commercially available celluloses were milled at 30, 60 and 120 min, and the changes in DP and CI were monitored using spectroscopic, diffraction and chromatographic techniques. Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was also used to evaluate the changes in apparent activation energy (E) of the pyrolysis reaction upon different milling times by using model-free isoconversional methods. The results showed substantial decrease in CI values and moderate changes in DP after two-hours of ball-milling. E were found in the range 110-140 kJ/mol, and were reduced by 10% on average after two hours of ball-milling.

Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board

“…Ball milling operation has been reported to have a significant influence on the crystallinity of materials [ 32 ]. Previous studies reported a similar trend in the crystallinity of the coconut shell, as reported in this study [ 33 ]. The Fe 2 O 3 peak (XRD data) was fitted by using a Lorentzian function, as shown in Figure 1 .…”

Multi-Step Exploitation of Raw Arundo donax L. for the Selective Synthesis of Second-Generation Sugars by Chemical and Biological Route

“…In particular, five Gaussian curves, each corresponding to Miller indices of the crystalline cellulose (1 0 1), (1 0 −1), (2 0 1), (0 0 2) and (0 4 0) were used. In addition, a sixth Gaussian curve for the amorphous phase, due to the presence of other amorphous components, such as hemicellulose and disordered cellulose, was included [77,78]. The calculated CrI value of raw Arundo donax L. was 53.8%, in agreement with data already reported in the literature for this kind of biomass.…”

Deciphering lignin heterogeneity in ball milled softwood: unravelling the synergy between the supramolecular cell wall structure and molecular events

“…This is consistent with the literature where ball milling was observed to decrease the crystallinity of cotton cellulose. 18,25,26 The X-ray diffractogram pattern of the reference sample i.e. non-ball milled wood, exhibits the characteristic peaks of cellulose I.…”