Effect of ball collision direction on a wet mechanochemical reaction

Abstract

Mechanochemical reactions can be induced in a solution by the collision of balls to produce high-temperature and high-pressure zones, with the reactions occurring through a dissolution–precipitation mechanism due to a change in solubility. However, only a fraction of the impact energy contributes to the mechanochemical reactions, while the rest is mainly consumed by the wear of balls and the heat generation. To clarify whether the normal or tangential component of collisions makes a larger contribution on the reaction, herein we studied the effect of collision direction on a wet mechanochemical reaction through combined analysis of the experimental reaction rates and simulated ball motion. Collisions of balls in the normal direction were found to contribute strongly to the wet mechanochemical reaction. These results could be used to improve the synthesis efficiency, predict the reaction, and lower the wear in the wet mechanochemical reactions.

Solid-State Encapsulation of Urea via Mechanochemistry-Driven Engineering of Metal–Phenolic Networks

“…This localized heat can enhance the coordination between Ti IV and TA, as well as intensify the interactions between urea crystals and MPNs. It is noted that this local temperature can be influenced by the milling frequency and the number and size of balls in the jar. , Additionally, EDX mapping of a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) image of a representative area of the urea–MPN matrix confirmed the homogeneity of the MPNs, with uniform distribution of Ti, N, and C throughout the structure (Figure i). Therefore, these findings reveal that Ti IV –TA imparts properties to the urea–MPN matrix, including intercalated small urea crystals, that enable control over the release profile of urea, as discussed in Urea–MPN Matrices as CRUs .…”

Wet milling synthesis of ammonium cobalt phosphate hydrate platelets for LCP‐olivine cathodes of LIBs using a bead mill

“…Larger beads induce higher impact energy at one collision of beads, although the frequency of collisions is lower. In some cases of grinding and mechanical synthesis, 1–4 the impact energy higher than a certain level at one collision is required. Besides, when particles are synthesized in the wet milling, the viscosity of the slurry possibly increases extremely.…”

“…We succeeded the synthesis of Li 1.81 H 0.19 Ti 2 O 5 ⋅xH 2 O from LiOH and TiO 2 by using a planetary ball mill in the liquid phase. 1,2 In the mechanical processing, highpressure and high-temperature states in local areas were induced by collisions of balls. Moreover, the high-energy conditions promoted the solution of raw materials and the synthesis of the desired compound.…”

“…Furthermore, as special processing, wet milling by using high‐energy‐type mills is expected to be applied for the synthesis of various compounds such as multi‐metal oxide particles. We succeeded the synthesis of Li 1.81 H 0.19 Ti 2 O 5 · x H 2 O from LiOH and TiO 2 by using a planetary ball mill in the liquid phase 1,2 . In the mechanical processing, high‐pressure and high‐temperature states in local areas were induced by collisions of balls.…”

Smart Powder Processing for Excellent Advanced Materials and Its Applications

“…To clarify whether the normal or tangential component of collisions makes a larger contribution on the synthesis of LHTO, the effect of collision direction on a reaction rate of LHTO was studied through the combined analysis of the experimental results and the simulated ball motion by Distinct Element Method (DEM) (Kozawa et al, 2021b). As a result, collisions of balls in the normal direction were found to contribute strongly to the wet mechanochemical reaction.…”