Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin and Middle Ear Effusion on Ciliary Activity: Implications for Otitis Media

Mason, Paul S.; Adam, Elizabeth; Prior, M.; Warner, John O.; Randall, C. J.

doi:10.1097/00005537-200204000-00015

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Still, it is unlikely that the ACh released in the auditory tube can diVuse through long distances, since the ACh esterase activity measured in the mucosa around the Eustachian tube is high (Ishii and Kaga 1976). In explanted auditory tubes, the endotoxin produced by Haemophilus inXuenzae in concentrations far in excess of that found in the middle ear with chronic otitis media with eVusion had no eVect on ciliary activity (Mason et al 2002). This suggests that auditory tube brush cells are either not capable of detecting these Wbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last phenomenon was observed in the ciliated epithelium of the trachea where cycloheximide, a bacterial product from Streptomyces griseus, had no impact on overall cilia-driven particle transport on the tracheal surface, but was able to trigger a respiratory reXex (Krasteva et al 2011). Since the auditory tubes investigated by Mason et al (2002) were separated from their innervation, light cannot be shed on a possible involvement of auditory tube brush cells in mediation of reXexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the auditory tube

Krasteva

Hartmann

Papadakis

et al. 2012

Histochem Cell Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The luminal composition of the auditory tube influences its function. The mechanisms involved in the monitoring are currently not known. For the lower respiratory epithelium, such a sentinel role is carried out by cholinergic brush cells. Here, using two different mouse strains expressing eGFP under the control of the promoter of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), we show the presence of solitary cholinergic villin-positive brush cells also in the mouse auditory tube epithelium. They express the vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter and proteins of the taste transduction pathway such as α-gustducin, phospholipase C beta 2 (PLC(β2)) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Immunoreactivity for TRPM5 and PLCβ2 was found regularly, whereas α-gustducin was absent in approximately 15% of the brush cells. Messenger RNA for the umami taste receptors (TasR), Tas1R1 and 3, and for the bitter receptors, Tas2R105 and Tas2R108, involved in perception of cycloheximide and denatonium were detected in the auditory tube. Using a transgenic mouse that expresses eGFP under the promotor of the nicotinic ACh receptor α3-subunit, we identified cholinoceptive nerve fibers that establish direct contacts to brush cells in the auditory tube. A subpopulation of these fibers displayed also CGRP immunoreactivity. Collectively, we show for the first time the presence of brush cells in the auditory tube. These cells are equipped with all proteins essential for sensing the composition of the luminal microenvironment and for communication of the changes to the CNS via attached sensory nerve fibers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the auditory tube

Krasteva

Hartmann

Papadakis

et al. 2012

Histochem Cell Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A laboratory-based study of human cells showed that ciliary activity is not reduced by the constituents of middle ear fluid in chronic otitis media with effusion [54].…”

Section: Ciliary Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The etiology, pathophysiology, and management of otitis media with effusion

Butler

Williams²

2003

Curr Infect Dis Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common and important condition that may result in developmental delay in children, and significant health care resources are devoted to its management. Newer techniques including polymerase chain reaction are implicating organisms not previously considered important in etiology. The role of gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of OME is likely to receive greater research attention. Regarding prevention, more is being learned about potentially modifiable risk factors such as environmental smoke, care outside the home, and breast feeding. Although immunization may to play a role in the future, existing evidence suggests that the general population of children should not be immunized in order to prevent OME. Several major studies have recently added to the understanding of epidemiology and management. Large trials in the United States, the Netherlands, and the UK suggest that OME is not an appropriate condition to include in a screening program. In addition, the advantages of early treatment with ventilation tubes over watchful waiting in terms of language development tend be modest and diminish by about 18 months. Treatment with hearing aids should be further evaluated. The search for effective medical management continues, and better ways are being identified of targeting interventions to those children with OME who are most likely to benefit.

show abstract

“…Измерение активности реснитчатого эпителия проводилось с помощью подсчета частоты биения ресничек (ЧБР) под микроскопом. В результате исследования авторы установили, что эндотоксин бактерий, взятый из выпота при экссудативном отите, а также в концентрации выше, чем в выпоте, не оказывает никакого угнетающего влияния на МЦК аденоидного эксплантата [30].…”

Section:  цель работыunclassified

Mucociliary Clearance of the Middle Ear: Assessment Methods and Influence Factors

Еремеева,

Свистушкин,

Миронова

et al. 2023

Оториноларингология. Восточная Европа

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Введение. Мукоцилиарный клиренс (МЦК) – естественный процесс очищения дыхательных путей посредством колебательных движений ресничек. Мерцательный эпителий выстилает не только верхние и нижние дыхательные пути, но и слизистую оболочку среднего уха в области прототимпанума, обеспечивая дренажную функцию. Разработано множество методов оценки МЦК в полости носа, в отличие от барабанной полости и слуховой трубы. Цель. Определить методы оценки МЦК в среднем ухе, изучить факторы, влияющие на цилиарную активность реснитчатого эпителия барабанной полости и слуховой трубы. Материалы и методы. В данном исследовании был проведен электронный поиск в базах данных PubMed и eLIBRARY c использованием следующих поисковых запросов: «research mucociliary activity in the middle ear», «research mucociliary clearance in the middle ear», «study mucociliary activity in the middle ear», «research mucociliary clearance in the middle ear», «изучение мукоцилиарного клиренса в среднем ухе», «мукоцилиарный клиренс среднего уха». Статьи были отобраны на основе критериев включения: полнотекстовые статьи, соответствующие заявленной проблеме. Ограничений во временном диапазоне предусмотрено не было. Результаты. В результате поиска найдено 20 работ отечественных (4) и зарубежных (16) авторов, посвященных МЦК среднего уха. Из 20 работ 5 посвящены различным методикам оценки МЦК, а другие 15 – изучению факторов, оказывающих влияние на активность реснитчатого эпителия в ухе. При этом 4 работы носили описательный характер исследования, 15 – сравнительный и одна – пилотное клиническое исследование. Заключение. Среди методик оценки МЦК в среднем ухе наиболее чувствительным и специфичным является метод взятия образца эпителия слизистой оболочки в передненижнем отделе барабанной полости с последующим подсчетом частоты биения ресничек (ЧБР) с помощью электронной микроскопии. Однако в силу анатомических особенностей взятие образца из данной области значительно затруднено и ограничено необходимостью хирургического доступа. Анализ немногочисленных, преимущественно экспериментальных, исследований по изучению факторов, влияющих на цилиарную активность барабанной полости и слуховой трубы, показал следующее: к угнетающим МЦК относятся желудочный сок, табачный дым, гистамин, фактор активации тромбоцитов, бактериальные агенты и, как результат, воспаление в среднем ухе, а к стимулирующим – лекарственные средства (растительное лекарственное вещество традиционной японской медицины sairei-to, антибиотик из группы макролидов рокситромицин). Introduction. Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the natural process of clearing the airways through oscillatory movements of the cilia. The ciliated epithelium lines not only the upper and lower respiratory tract, but also the mucous membrane of the middle ear in the area of protympanum, providing a drainage function. Many methods have been developed to assess MCC in the nasal cavity, but due to its inaccessibility, few data are available from the middle ear ciliated epithelium. Purpose. This study intends to determine the methods for assessing the mucociliary clearance in the middle ear and factors influencing it. Materials and methods. In this study, an electronic search was conducted in the PubMed and eLIBRARY databases using the following search queries: "research mucociliary activity in the middle ear", "research mucociliary clearance in the middle ear", "study mucociliary activity in the middle ear", "research mucociliary clearance in the middle ear", "study of mucociliary clearance in the middle ear", "mucociliary clearance of the middle ear". Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria: full-text articles relevant to the stated problem. There were no restrictions on the time frame. Results. As a result of the search, 20 works of domestic (4) and foreign (16) authors were found on MCC of the middle ear. Of the 20 papers: five are devoted to various methods for assessing MCC and the other 15 – to the study of factors influencing the activity of the ciliated epithelium in the middle ear. At the same time, four works were of a descriptive nature of the study; 15 were comparative and one was a pilot clinical study. Conclusion. The most sensitive and specific method for assessment of the middle ear mucociliary clearance (MCC) is to quantify the ciliary beat frequency using high- speed video microscopy. Required ciliated samples are suspected to be taken from the protympanum. However, taking of such samples is challenging due to the anatomical features and is limited with a surgical approach. There are few, mostly experimental, studies evaluating the factors, that affect ciliary activity of the mucosa of tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube. The literature review revealed, that gastric juice, tobacco smoke, histamine, platelet activating factor, bacterial agents, and, as a result, inflammation in the middle ear inhibit the MCC, while some medicines, including traditional Japanese herbal medicine "sairei-to" and macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin, stimulate it.

show abstract

Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin and Middle Ear Effusion on Ciliary Activity: Implications for Otitis Media

Abstract: There is no evidence that ciliary activity is reduced by the constituents of middle ear fluid in chronic otitis media with effusion.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the auditory tube

Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the auditory tube

The etiology, pathophysiology, and management of otitis media with effusion

Mucociliary Clearance of the Middle Ear: Assessment Methods and Influence Factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About