Effect of bacoside A on membrane‐bound ATPases in the brain of rats exposed to cigarette smoke

Abstract

Membrane-bound enzymes play a vital role in neuronal function through maintenance of membrane potential and impulse propagation. We have evaluated the harmful effects of chronic cigarette smoking on membrane-bound ATPases and the protective effect of Bacoside A in rat brain. Adult male albino rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of 12 weeks and simultaneously administered with Bacoside A (the active principle isolated from Bacopa monniera) at a dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w/day, p.o. The levels of lipid peroxides as marker for evaluating the extent of membrane damage, the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, and associated cations sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) were investigated in the brain. Neuronal membrane damage was evident from the elevated levels of lipid peroxides and decreased activities of membrane-bound enzymes. Disturbances in the electrolyte balance with accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ and depletion of K+ and Mg2+ were also observed. Administration of Bacoside A inhibited lipid peroxidation, improved the activities of ATPases, and maintained the ionic equilibrium. The results of our study indicate that Bacoside A protects the brain from cigarette smoking induced membrane damage.

Brain oxidative damage restored by Sesbania grandiflora in cigarette smoke-exposed rats

“…In this study Na + /K + -ATPase activity was diminished while Na + level was elevated and K + concentration was lowered in the brain of cigarette smoke exposed rats. These results are consistent with earlier reports (Anbarasi et al 2005a;Jaques et al 2013). Besides, Tulenko et al (1988) also have shown decrease of Na + /K + -ATPase activity and increase of Na + level in arterial cell wall by exposure to cigarette smoke, which was attributed to the reorganization of lipid bilayer by increased TC/PL ratio.…”

“…In this study, we observed low Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and high Ca 2+ concentration in the brain of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. These results are concomitant with previous studies (Anbarasi et al 2005a;Jaques et al 2013). Calcium invasion followed by cigarette smoke exposure suppressed Ca 2+ -ATPase activity in the rat brain.…”

“…Interruptions in the ionic equilibrium of the cells as a result of inactivation of ATPase enzymes are believed to be the main factors in the pathogenesis of many disorders. Besides, chronic exposure to cigarette smoke modifies ion homeostasis (Anbarasi et al 2005a), which also can participate to neurological diseases and memory impairment since it is linked with neuronal injury or death (Xiao et al 2002).…”

Sigara İçme ve Alzheimer Hastalığı Arasındaki İlişki

“…In vivo chronic exposure of rat brain tissue to cigarette smoke significantly decreases membrane-bound ATPases, which alters ion homeostasis, and leads to increased Ca2+ and Na+ levels in the cytosol of various cell types 87 , as well as increase Ca2+ in mitochondria, which is associated with neuronal injury or death 88 . Increased mitochondrial Ca 2+ secondary to cigarette condensate exposure is associated with damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane (e.g., membrane swelling) and vacuolization of the matrix.…”

Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. extract on murine immune response in vitro

“…Other saponins have also been reported, but their activities are relatively unexplored (Mahato et al, 2000). Moreover, the antioxidant (Anbarasi et al, 2005), anticancer (Elangovan et al, 1995), antiinflammatory (Jain et al, 1994) and superoxide inhibitor (Pawar et al, 2001) effects of the B. monniera extract relating to immunological activity have been investigated. The present study was undertaken to assess the possible immunomodulating activities of B. monniera extract and bacoside A in relation to its folklore use and other pharmacological activities as previously reported.…”