Effect of Back Squat Depth on Lower-Body Postactivation Potentiation

Esformes, Joseph I.; Bampouras, Theodoros M.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828d4465

Cited by 74 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…muscle length). It is thus possible that during dynamic squat exercise, deeper squats may be more effective in inducing PAP due to the greater work done (13). On Copyright ª 2016 National Strength and Conditioning Association A C C E P T E D the other hand, our data suggest that when isometric, as opposed to dynamic squat is used as the conditioning activity, the quarter squat is more effective due to the possible influence of muscle length on PAP and fatigue.…”

Section: Main Trialsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…However, the authors reported that five of the subjects improved CMJ after both squat depths, but could not explain this finding from their data. In the second study (13), the effects of a 3-repetition maximum parallel squat (knee angle: 60-70 o ) or quarter-squat (knee angle: 135 o ) on CMJ performed 5 after minutes were compared. Both conditions induced PAP, but parallel squat induced slightly better results.…”

Section: Main Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Improvement of Vertical Jump Performance After Isometric Squats Depends on Knee Angle and Vertical Jumping Ability

Τσούκος

Bogdanis²,

Terzis³

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Tsoukos, A, Bogdanis, GC, Terzis, G, and Veligekas, P. Acute improvement of vertical jump performance after isometric squats depends on knee angle and vertical jumping ability. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2250-2257, 2016-This study examined the acute effects of maximum isometric squats at 2 different knee angles (90 or 140°) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in power athletes. Fourteen national-level male track and field power athletes completed 3 main trials (2 experimental and 1 control) in a randomized and counterbalanced order 1 week apart. Countermovement jump performance was evaluated using a force-plate before and 15 seconds, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after 3 sets of 3 seconds maximum isometric contractions with 1-minute rest in between, from a squat position with knee angle set at 90 or 140°. Countermovement jump performance was improved compared with baseline only in the 140° condition by 3.8 ± 1.2% on the 12th minute of recovery (p = 0.027), whereas there was no change in CMJ height in the 90° condition. In the control condition, there was a decrease in CMJ performance over time, reaching -3.6 ± 1.2% (p = 0.049) after 12 minutes of recovery. To determine the possible effects of baseline jump performance on subsequent CMJ performance, subjects were divided into 2 groups ("high jumpers" and "low jumpers"). The baseline CMJ values of "high jumpers" and "low jumpers" differed significantly (CMJ: 45.1 ± 2.2 vs. 37.1 ± 3.9 cm, respectively, p = 0.001). Countermovement jump was increased only in the "high jumpers" group by 5.4 ± 1.4% (p = 0.001) and 7.4 ± 1.2% (p = 0.001) at the knee angles of 90 and 140°, respectively. This improvement was larger at the 140° angle (p = 0.049). Knee angle during isometric squats and vertical jumping ability are important determinants of the acute CMJ performance increase observed after a conditioning activity.

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Section: Main Trialsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Main Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Improvement of Vertical Jump Performance After Isometric Squats Depends on Knee Angle and Vertical Jumping Ability

Τσούκος

Bogdanis²,

Terzis³

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…These may include the type of CA, its intensity and volume, and most of all the recovery period between the CA and the explosive movement. The similarity between the CA and the subsequent movement also seems important, as some authors have indicated better effects of PAP when a heavy loaded exercise (80-90% 1RM) is followed by a biomechanically similar explosive activity (Whelan et al, 2014), and that the CA’s range of motion plays a role in subsequent performance (Esformes and Bampouras, 2013; Seitz et al, 2015). Subject characteristics may also be an important factor when considering PAP effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing post activation potentiation for explosive activities in competitive sports

Gołaś

Maszczyk

Zając

et al. 2016

Journal of Human Kinetics

121

127

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Post activation potentiation (PAP) has shown improved performance during movements requiring large muscular power output following contractions under near maximal load conditions. PAP can be described as an acute enhancement of performance or an enhancement of factors determining an explosive sports activity following a preload stimulus. In practice, PAP has been achieved by complex training, which involves a combination of a heavy loaded exercise followed by a biomechanically similar explosive activity, best if specific for a particular sport discipline. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PAP on performance in explosive motor activities specific for basketball, luge and athletics throws. The novel approach to the experiments included individualized recovery time (IRT) between the conditioning exercise and the explosive activity. Additionally, the research groups were homogenous and included only competitive athletes of similar age and training experience. Thirty one well trained athletes from 3 different sport disciplines participated in the study. All athletes performed a heavy loaded conditioning activity (80-130%1RM) followed by a biomechanically similar explosive exercise, during which power (W) or the rate of power development (W/s/kg) was evaluated. The results of our experiment confirmed the effectiveness of PAP with well-trained athlets during explosive motor activities such as jumping, throwing and pushing. Additionally, our research showed that eccentric supramaximal intensities (130% 1RM) can be effective in eliciting PAP in strength trained athletes. Our experiments also showed that the IRT should be individualized because athletes differ in the strength level, training experience and muscle fiber structure. In the three experiments conducted with basketball players, track and field athletes and luge athletes, the optimal IRT equaled 6 min. This justifies the need to individualize the volume and intensity of the CA, and especially the IRT, between the CA and the explosive activity.

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“…Among them, squat [13][14][15] , jump [16][17][18] and sprint 16,19,20 protocols stand out. In all of these studies, significant performance differences after potentiation protocol were found (p <0.05).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeito da potencialização pós-ativação no Atletismo: uma revisão sistemática

Borba

Júnior

Santos

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

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-Post-activation potentiation is a physiological phenomenon reported to increase muscle performance during high-intensity exercise. To induce post-activation potentiation, maximal strength or power short-duration activities are performed minutes prior the main activity in an attempt to enhance performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate previous publications on the effects of post-activation potentiation on athletic performance. This systematic review used Scielo, Pubmed and SporDiscus database with the following search terms either alone or grouped together: post-activation potentiation, exercise, athletics, track and field, sprint, long jump, triple jump, high jump, shot put, javelin throw, hammer throw e discus throw. The review provided evidence that performing squat, jump and sprint exercises prior to the main activity elicited a state of potentiation that would improve sprint and throw performances and that preparatory activities that can cause post-activation potentiation should be used to improve athletic performance.

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Effect of Back Squat Depth on Lower-Body Postactivation Potentiation

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Acute Improvement of Vertical Jump Performance After Isometric Squats Depends on Knee Angle and Vertical Jumping Ability

Acute Improvement of Vertical Jump Performance After Isometric Squats Depends on Knee Angle and Vertical Jumping Ability

Optimizing post activation potentiation for explosive activities in competitive sports

Efeito da potencialização pós-ativação no Atletismo: uma revisão sistemática

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