“…However, since the area of copper electrodeposits correspond to only 0.2 % of the PEO surface, the general content of copper over sample B surface still can be considered low. According to Belov et al [36], the reduction of copper ions over an anodized Al surface occurs locally, accompanied by a high cathodic polarization, as observed in our sample. The formation of a copper layer with high coverage demands a high cathodic current density or a longer electroplating time.…”