Effect of azadirachtin on haematological and biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn. 1758)

Abstract

Argulosis hampers aquaculture production and alters the host physiology and growth. Azadirachtin is recognized as a potential antiparasitic agent against Argulus sp. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of azadirachtin solution on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus. Ninety Argulus-infested goldfish were randomly divided into six equal groups. Fish of group 1-5 were treated with azadirachtin solution through bath of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L(-1) as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, and group 6 was exposed to 2% DMSO solution without azadirachtin and considered as negative control T0(-). Along with six treatment groups, a positive control T0(+) of healthy goldfish free from Argulus infestation was also maintained. Parasitic mortality was evaluated after 3 days of consecutive bath treatment. After 7 days of post-treatment, the blood and serum were drawn from each of the treatment groups and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), blood glucose, total protein (TP), globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were significantly (p < 0.05) high in negative control group when compared with positive control group. It could be concluded that Argulus infestation altered marked haematological and serum biochemical parameters. However, in treated groups complete elimination of Argulus was found in T4 and T5 groups. Also significant (p < 0.05) reduction in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of all the treatment groups were recorded in comparison with negative control group. In addition, T4 and T5 groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) high superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total erythrocyte count (TEC) and haemoglobin (Hb). However, higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), blood glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in T5 group revealed that higher concentration of azadirachtin have notable effects on activity of vital tissues function and physiology of the host. Argulus spp. from infested goldfish could be eliminated using bath treatment with solution of azadirachtin having concentration of 15 mg L(-1) and that also shifted haematological and serum biochemical parameters towards homeostasis.

Effects of dietary surfactin supplementation on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes activities and some serum biochemical parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

“…Thus, decrease of serum BUN concentration of surfactin supplementation groups might suggest a potential enhancement of synthesis of protein in animals ). The increased activity of AST and ALT in serum, in the absence of acute necrosis or ischaemia of other organs such as myocardium, suggests liver cell damage and leaching of these enzymes in blood (Kumar et al 2013). The lower levels of AST and ALT of surfactin supplementation groups in this study indicated that tilapia hepatopancreas might have better health status.…”

A prospective of epidemiological intervention in investigation and management of argulosis in aquaculture

“…However, the threat of bioaccumulation in the host, caused by the frequent use of these drugs, reduces sensitivity of the Argulus to the organophosphate dichlorvos (Jones et al 1992) and has forced to find alternative control methods (Goven et al 1980;Klinger and Floyd 2002). Recently, phytotherapeutants such as azadirachtin (Kumar et al 2012a, b;Banerjee and Saha 2013), piperine (Kumar et al 2013), rotenone and nicotine (Banerjee and Saha 2013) have been documented as a biodegradable and cheap herbal extracts to combat Argulus infections. However, easy unavailability of pure extracts or synthetic substitutes, the intricate pharmacodynamics with water, their potential for toxicity at higher doses and the rapid disintegration of some bioactive molecules in the phytotherapeutants make their use difficult in large aquaculture systems (Kumar et al 2013).…”

Limonia Acidissima L. (Wood Apple) as Feed Additive Enhanced Growth Performance, Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Indian Major Carp, Catla Catla (Ham.) Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection

“…According to the findings of Rao and Chakrabarti 70 , Catla catla fed with Achyranthes aspera diet for four weeks showed resistance against bacterial pathogens elucidating that immunostimulant at an optimal dose, could enhance the resistance of fish against aquatic pathogens. Kumar et al 20 reported higher survival percentage in azadirachtin fed C. auratus exposed to A. hydrophila. Similar findings were also reported by Kaleeswaran et al 64 who fed Cynodon dactylon mixed diet to C. catla.…”

“…Increasing interest in the modulation of fish innate immune system as a preventive measure against disease outbreak has led to the use of plant materials as feed supplement. Herbal extracts are used in fish culture as an alternative for chemotherapeutic agents [18][19][20] . Plant extracts have been reported to enhance activities like appetite stimulation, growth promotion, immunostimulation, anti-microbial properties in fish aquaculture due to active principles as alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, falvonoids, phenolics, steroids or essential oils 21,22 .…”