Effect of attentional retraining on cognition, craving, and smoking in African American smokers.

Robinson, Cendrine; Muench, Christine; Brede, Emily; Endrighi, Romano; Szeto, Edwin H.; Sells, Joanna R.; Lammers, John P.; Okuyemi, Kolawole S.; Waters, Andrew J.

doi:10.1037/adb0000286

Cited by 21 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Five of the studies targeted automatic processes regarding alcoholism [ 19 , 20 , 31 , 32 , 35 ]. Two studies targeted smoking attitudes and behavior [ 35 , 40 ]. Two studies targeted automatic processes toward anxiety [ 21 , 39 ], and one study targeted automatic processing toward both anxiety and depression [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence Regarding Automatic Processing Computerized Tasks Designed For Health Interventions in Real-World Settings Among Adults: Systematic Scoping Review

Jayasinghe¹,

Short²,

Braunack-Mayer³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Dual process theories propose that the brain uses 2 types of thinking to influence behavior: automatic processing and reflective processing. Automatic processing is fast, immediate, nonconscious, and unintentional, whereas reflective processing focuses on logical reasoning, and it is slow, step by step, and intentional. Most digital psychological health interventions tend to solely target the reflective system, although the automatic processing pathway can have strong influences on behavior. Laboratory-based research has highlighted that automatic processing tasks can create behavior change; however, there are substantial gaps in the field on the design, implementation, and delivery of automatic processing tasks in real-world settings. It is important to identify and summarize the existing literature in this area to inform the translation of laboratory-based research to real-world settings. Objective This scoping review aims to explore the effectiveness of automatic training tasks, types of training tasks commonly used, mode of delivery, and impacts of gamification on automatic processing tasks designed for digital psychological health interventions in real-world settings among adults. Methods The scoping review methodology proposed by Arskey and O’Malley and Colquhoun was applied. A scoping review was chosen because of the novelty of the digital automatic processing field and to encompass a broad review of the existing evidence base. Electronic databases and gray literature databases were searched with the search terms “automatic processing,” “computerised technologies,” “health intervention,” “real-world,” and “adults” and synonyms of these words. The search was up to date until September 2018. A manual search was also completed on the reference lists of the included studies. Results A total of 14 studies met all inclusion criteria. There was a wide variety of health conditions targeted, with the most prevalent being alcohol abuse followed by social anxiety. Attention bias modification tasks were the most prevalent type of automatic processing task, and the majority of tasks were most commonly delivered over the web via a personal computer. Of the 14 studies included in the review, 8 demonstrated significant changes to automatic processes and 4 demonstrated significant behavioral changes as a result of changed automatic processes. Conclusions This is the first review to synthesize the evidence on automatic processing tasks in real-world settings targeting adults. This review has highlighted promising, albeit limited, research demonstrating that automatic processing tasks may be used effectively in a real-world setting to influence behavior change.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of digital technology most often used to execute the intervention was a personal computer or laptop via a website (n=8) [ 20 , 25 , 26 , 35 , 42 - 45 ], followed by the use of a smartphone app (n=5) [ 21 , 34 , 39 , 41 , 46 ]. One study was delivered on a personal digital assistant device [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Regarding Automatic Processing Computerized Tasks Designed For Health Interventions in Real-World Settings Among Adults: Systematic Scoping Review

Jayasinghe¹,

Short²,

Braunack-Mayer³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The articles described mHealth apps for the delivery of attention or cognitive bias modification for following conditions: insomnia (n=1), social anxiety (n=1), anxiety disorder (n=3), alcohol use disorder (n=1), and tobacco use disorder (n=2). Table 1 [ 17 , 19 - 25 ] summarizes the main characteristics of the studies that we included. Nearly all of the trials used either the dot-probe or visual-probe task, except for 1 study that used cognitive bias for interpretation intervention, and another that did not specify the task applied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the outcomes, 7 studies reported effectiveness and only 1 reported no effect. Bias modification was found to be effective, as it helped improve symptoms of insomnia and cognitive symptoms of presleep arousal [ 17 ]; reduce subjective anxiety [ 20 ]; improve performance on stress task [ 21 ]; reduce attentional biases for cigarettes [ 22 , 25 ]; reduce the amount of alcohol consumed [ 24 ]; and reduce prenatal stress and anxiety [ 23 ]. However, Yang et al [ 19 ] reported that bias modification was not effective, as the bias scores among participants with social anxiety disorders were not reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Cognitive Bias Modification Apps: Review of the Literature and of Commercially Available Apps

Zhang¹,

Ying²,

Song³

et al. 2018

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAutomatic processes, such as attentional biases or interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Recent reviews have highlighted that cognitive biases may be modifiable. Advances in eHealth and mHealth have been harnessed for the delivery of cognitive bias modification. While several studies have evaluated mHealth-based bias modification intervention, no review, to our knowledge, has synthesized the evidence for it. In addition, no review has looked at commercial apps and their functionalities and methods of bias modification. A review is essential in determining whether scientifically validated apps are available commercially and the proportion of commercial apps that have been evaluated scientifically.ObjectiveThe objective of this review was primarily to determine the proportion of attention or cognitive bias modification apps that have been evaluated scientifically and secondarily to determine whether the scientifically evaluated apps were commercially available. We also sought to identify commercially available bias modification apps and determine the functionalities of these apps, the methods used for attention or cognitive bias modification, and whether these apps had been evaluated scientifically.MethodsTo identify apps in the published literature, we searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published from 2000 to April 17, 2018. The search terms used were “attention bias” OR “cognitive bias” AND “smartphone” OR “smartphone application” OR “smartphone app” OR “mobile phones” OR “mobile application” OR mobile app” OR “personal digital assistant.” To identify commercial apps, we conducted a manual cross-sectional search between September 15 and 25, 2017 in the Apple iTunes and Google Play app stores. The search terms used to identify the apps were “attention bias” and “cognitive bias.” We also conducted a manual search on the apps with published evaluations.ResultsThe effectiveness of bias modification was reported in 7 of 8 trials that we identified in the published literature. Only 1 of the 8 previously evaluated apps was commercially available. The 17 commercial apps we identified tended to use either an attention visual search or gamified task. Only 1 commercial app had been evaluated in the published literature.ConclusionsThis is perhaps the first review to synthesize the evidence for published mHealth attention bias apps. Our review demonstrated that evidence for mHealth attention bias apps is inconclusive, and quite a few commercial apps have not been validated scientifically.

show abstract

“…Based on the published literature to date, there are several studies that have evaluated the potential and effectiveness of mHealth bias modification. Of the studies, seven reported that mHealth bias modification was effective for participants with a variety of disorders, namely insomnia, alcohol, tobacco use, or social anxiety disorders [ 12 - 18 ]. mHealth technologies are increasingly being harnessed for the delivery of bias modification, as mobile technologies allow for the training to be conducted in diverse locations, thus helping in the generalization of clinical benefits [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Phone Cognitive Bias Modification Research Platform for Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Feasibility Study

Zhang¹,

Ying²,

Song³

et al. 2018

JMIR Res Protoc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCognitive biases refer to automatic attentional and interpretational tendencies, which could be retained by cognitive bias modification interventions. Cristea et al and Jones et al have published reviews (in 2016 and 2017 respectively) on the effectiveness of such interventions. The advancement of technologies such as electronic health (eHealth) and mobile health (mHealth) has led to them being harnessed for the delivery of cognitive bias modification. To date, at least eight studies have demonstrated the feasibility of mobile technologies for the delivery of cognitive bias modification. Most of the studies are limited to a description of the conventional cognitive bias modification methodology that has been adopted. None of the studies shared the developmental process for the methodology involved, such that future studies could adopt it in the cost-effective replication of such interventions.ObjectiveIt is important to have a common platform that could facilitate the design and customization of cognitive bias modification interventions for a variety of psychiatric and addictive disorders. It is the aim of the current research protocol to describe the design of a research platform that allows for customization of cognitive bias modification interventions for addictive disorders.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of 2 addiction psychiatrists, a psychologist with expertise in cognitive bias modification, and a computer engineer, were involved in the development of the intervention. The proposed platform would comprise of a mobile phone version of the cognitive bias task which is controlled by a server that could customize the algorithm for the tasks and collate the reaction-time data in realtime. The server would also allow the researcher to program the specific set of images that will be present in the task. The mobile phone app would synchronize with the backend server in real-time. An open-sourced cross-platform gaming software from React Native was used in the current development.ResultsMultimedia Appendix 1 contains a video demonstrating the operation of the app, as well as a sample dataset of the reaction times (used for the computation of attentional biases) captured by the app.ConclusionsThe current design can be utilized for cognitive bias modification across a spectrum of disorders and is not limited to one disorder. It will be of value for future research to utilize the above platform and compare the efficacy of mHealth approaches, such as the one described in this study, with conventional Web-based approaches in the delivery of attentional bias modification interventions.Registered Report IdentifierRR1-10.2196/9740

show abstract

Effect of attentional retraining on cognition, craving, and smoking in African American smokers.

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Evidence Regarding Automatic Processing Computerized Tasks Designed For Health Interventions in Real-World Settings Among Adults: Systematic Scoping Review

Evidence Regarding Automatic Processing Computerized Tasks Designed For Health Interventions in Real-World Settings Among Adults: Systematic Scoping Review

Attention and Cognitive Bias Modification Apps: Review of the Literature and of Commercially Available Apps

Mobile Phone Cognitive Bias Modification Research Platform for Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Feasibility Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About