Effect of atopic skin stressors on natural moisturizing factors and cytokines in healthy adult epidermis

Engebretsen, Kristiane A.; Kežić, Sanja; Jakaša, Ivone; Hedengran, Anne; Linneberg, Allan; Skov, Lone; Johansen, Jeanne Duus; Thyssen, Jacob P.

doi:10.1111/bjd.16487

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The literature search identified 5981 studies. Fifty studies were selected for full review; 16 were included: two RCTs, 18,19 eight observational studies, 2,20‐26 two experimental studies with a randomized component, 8,27 three experimental non‐randomized studies , 28‐30 and two animal studies 30,31 . Study characteristics are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis

Jabbar‐Lopez

Ung

Alexander

et al. 2020

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Background Hard domestic water has been reported to worsen atopic eczema (AE) and may contribute to its development in early life. Objective To review the literature on the relationship between the effect of water hardness (high calcium carbonate; CaCO3) on (a) the risk of developing AE, (b) the treatment of existing AE and (c) skin barrier function in human and animal studies. Design , data sources and eligibility criteria We systematically searched databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, GREAT and Web of Science) from inception until 30/6/2020. Human and animal observational and experimental studies were included. The primary outcomes were risk of AE and skin barrier function. Studies were meta‐analysed using a random effects model. Evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results Sixteen studies were included. Pooled observational data from seven studies on 385,901 participants identified increased odds of AE in children exposed to harder versus softer water (odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.09, 1.50; GRADE certainty: very low). Two mechanistic studies in humans reported higher deposition of the detergent sodium lauryl sulphate in those exposed to harder versus softer water. Two randomized controlled trials comparing water softeners with standard care did not show a significant difference in objective AE severity with softened water (standardized mean difference 0.06 standard deviations higher, 95% CI 0.16 lower to 0.27 higher; GRADE certainty: moderate). Conclusions & Clinical Relevance There was a positive association between living in a hard water (range: 76 to > 350 mg/L CaCO3) area and AE in children. There is no evidence that domestic water softeners improve objective disease severity in established AE. There may be a role of water hardness in the initiation of skin inflammation in early life, but there is a need for further longitudinal and interventional studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis

Jabbar‐Lopez

Ung

Alexander

et al. 2020

Clin Experimental Allergy

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show abstract

“…Water hardness had the most detrimental effect on the epidermal barrier. 111 High calcium carbonate is usually associated with a raised pH, which can prematurely activate serine proteases that break down corneodesmosomes. 112 The microbiome is a key player in the conversation between the environment and the host and is susceptible to external insults.…”

Section: Exposomal Interactions With Filaggrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of filaggrin in atopic dermatitis and allergic disease

Drislane

Irvine

2020

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

212

178

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“…AT H 2 immune reaction profile of patients with AD was also observed in an aero-challenge setup, 29 as well as when challenging patients with AD with physical factors, such as hard water. 30,31…”

Section: In Vivo Models Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and computational models of atopic dermatitis: A review and perspectives by an expert panel of the International Eczema Council

Eyerich

Brown

White

et al. 2019

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent disease worldwide and is associated with systemic comorbidities representing a significant burden on patients, their families, and society. Therapeutic options for AD remain limited, in part because of a lack of well-characterized animal models. There has been increasing interest in developing experimental approaches to study the pathogenesis of human AD in vivo, in vitro, and in silico to better define pathophysiologic mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that predict therapeutic response. This review critically appraises a range of models, including genetic mutations relevant to AD, experimental challenge of human skin in vivo, tissue culture models, integration of “omics” data sets, and development of predictive computational models. Although no one individual model recapitulates the complex AD pathophysiology, our review highlights insights gained into key elements of cutaneous biology, molecular pathways, and therapeutic target identification through each approach. Recent developments in computational analysis, including application of machine learning and a systems approach to data integration and predictive modeling, highlight the applicability of these methods to AD subclassification (endotyping), therapy development, and precision medicine. Such predictive modeling will highlight knowledge gaps, further inform refinement of biological models, and support new experimental and systems approaches to AD. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;143:36–45.)

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Effect of atopic skin stressors on natural moisturizing factors and cytokines in healthy adult epidermis

Abstract: Based on experimental exposure to selected atopic skin stressors, we conclude that NMFs levels are decreased along with increased secretion of various skin cytokines in healthy individuals. Our data highlight environmental factors that might play a role in AD pathophysiology.

Cited by 11 publications

References 58 publications

The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis

The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis

The role of filaggrin in atopic dermatitis and allergic disease

Human and computational models of atopic dermatitis: A review and perspectives by an expert panel of the International Eczema Council

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