Effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and nitrate fertilization on glucosinolate biosynthesis in mechanically damaged Arabidopsis plants

Abstract

BackgroundIncreased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels predicted to occur before the end of the century will impact plant metabolism. In addition, nitrate availability will affect metabolism and levels of nitrogen-containing defense compounds, such as glucosinolates (GSLs). We compared Arabidopsis foliar metabolic profile in plants grown under two CO2 regimes (440 vs 880 ppm), nitrate fertilization (1 mM vs 10 mM) and in response to mechanical damage of rosette leaves.ResultsConstitutive foliar metabolites in nitrate-limited plants show distinct global patterns depending on atmospheric CO2 levels; in contrast, plants grown under higher nitrate fertilization under elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions have a unique metabolite signature. Nitrate fertilization dampens the jasmonate burst in response to wounding in plants grown at elevated CO2 levels. Leaf GSL profile mirrors the jasmonate burst; in particular, indole GSLs increase in response to damage in plants grown at ambient CO2 but only in nitrate-limited plants grown under elevated CO2 conditions.ConclusionsThis may reflect a reduced capacity of C3 plants grown under enriched CO2 and nitrate levels to signal changes in oxidative stress and has implications for future agricultural management practices.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0752-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Fertilizer Rate-Associated Increase in Foliar Jasmonate Burst Observed in Wounded Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves is Attenuated at eCO2

“…It is of interest that the wound-induced increase in JA-Ile is higher in nitrate-than ammonium-fertilized plants which likely reflects the more oxidative state in these plants ( Figure 6C, inset). Plants grown at aCO 2 show a more robust JA-Ile increase in well-fertilized plants that is attenuated at eCO 2 , an observation similar to that reported by Paudel et al (2016) who also noted that the jasmonate burst was attenuated at eCO 2 and more markedly in well-fertilized plants.…”

“…Increase carboxylase activity of Rubisco and decreased photorespiration should enhance plant productivity. However, studies have also found that induced levels of defensive jasmonate phytohormones are suppressed in C3 plants grown at eCO 2 (Guo et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2013;Vaughan et al, 2014;Li et al, 2016;Paudel. et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2018).…”

“…Again, jasmonate levels at eCO 2 appear to be variable across different experiments, pointing to differences in plant species or involvement of other environmental factors, particularly light photoperiod and/or intensity (Matros et al, 2006;Casteel et al, 2012a;Casteel et al, 2012b;Zavala et al, 2013;Mhamdi and Noctor, 2016;Gog et al, 2019). Paudel et al (2016) found that the foliar jasmonate burst that leads to induced resistance against chewing insect herbivores is attenuated in wounded plants grown at eCO 2 under high nitrate fertilization. Therefore, nitrogen may play a role in the plant's response to wounding stress at eCO 2 .…”

“…Lower pyridine nucleotide levels and/or changed oxidized-to-reduced ratios will affect cellular redox metabolites levels and ratios that may then be reflected in phytohormone levels. Therefore, through this research, we seek to further understand the mechanism underlying the suppression of the jasmonate burst in response to wounding of foliar tissues in well nitrate-fertilized Arabidopsis plants grown at eCO2 (Paudel et al, 2016).…”

Elevated CO2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway

“…Although JA generally regulates these defense‐related metabolites, these data suggest environmental CO 2 concentration also plays a pivotal role in controlling plant defenses through JA‐independent pathways. For example, compared with those cultivated under ACO 2 , wounding‐treated Arabidopsis plants showed no differences in JA or JA‐Ile content under ECO 2 , but contained less total glucosinolates (Paudel et al ).…”