Effect of artificial destratification on iron, manganese, and zinc in the water, sediments, and two species of benthic macroinvertebrates in an Oklahoma lake

Abstract

Ham's Lake was destratified in the summers of 1977 and 1978 by pumping surface water to the bottom . However, an arm was prevented from mixing by a submerged dam of a former farm pond and remained stratified . The concentration of manganese in the water increased to over 5 000 tg 1-1 in the hypolimnion of the anoxic arm in summer . Soluble manganese averaged 28% of total concentration . Total iron concentrations were relatively high in the water and sorbed iron values were extremely low in the sediments . Soluble iron averaged 12% of total concentration . Zinc values were low in the water and sediments . Chaoborus punctipennis and Chironomus riparius concentrated iron and zinc and discriminated against manganese . Concentration factors were unaffected by mixing .

The Freshwater River Crab,Potamonautes warreni, as a Bioaccumulative Indicator of Iron and Manganese Pollution in Two Aquatic Systems

“…Iron and manganese are both important micronutrients in the aquatic environment (Cover and Wilhm, 1982). While manganese is a constituent of many enzymes and an activator of enzyme systems in animals (Martin, 1974), iron is a component of hemoglobin (Rainbow, 1985) and thus plays an important function in the movement of oxygen in the body.…”