Effect of aromatic and aliphatic amines as curing agents in sulfone epoxy monomer curing process

Chiu, Yie-Chan; Huang, Chun-Chiang; Tsai, Hsieh‐Chih; Prasannan, Adhimoorthy; Imae, Toyoko

doi:10.1007/s00289-013-0942-z

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Bulky substitutions ortho to the amine groups also reduced amine reactivity highlighting the importance of steric constraints. Similar findings on the impact of aromatic substitution patterns have been reported elsewhere and used to specifically develop resin systems with improved shelf life …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of aromatic substitution on the kinetics and properties of epoxy cured tri‐phenylether amines

Varley

Dao

Tucker

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The reaction kinetics and structure property relationships of isomeric tri‐aromatic ether‐linked amines based on the structure bis (aminophenoxy) benzene, cured with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (BisF) are investigated in this study. Reaction kinetics are explored using rheological and calorimetric measurements, whereas structure property relationships are determined from their flexural properties, dynamic mechanical properties (DMTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A BisF network cured with 4,4 diamino diphenyl sulphone (44 DDS) is used as a benchmark to represent a commercially available high‐performance resin system. Varying the substitution of the ether linkages on the aromatic groups from ortho, meta to para was found to have a significant impact on reactivity and network properties after cure. The variations are explained in terms of inductive and resonance effects primarily acting on the outer aromatic rings. Interestingly, however, these same effects acting on the central aromatic ring also impact upon reactivity despite their proximity from the amines. Mechanical and thermal properties are explained by changes in the short‐range molecular mobility within the network architecture such as phenylene rotations or π flips and are experimentally validated from the breadth and position of the subambient γ relaxations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47383.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of aromatic substitution on the kinetics and properties of epoxy cured tri‐phenylether amines

Varley

Dao

Tucker

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It can be seen that T P increases with heating rate and DCA chain length. Chiu et al 24 also showed a similar trend for the curing process of sulfone epoxy monomers with different amine curing agents, i.e., amine curing agents with longer chain lengths generated lower ΔH T whilst T P shifted to higher values. 23 The total enthalpy released during the curing reaction decreased with the increase of chain length.…”

Section: Dsc Analysismentioning

confidence: 66%

New insights into the curing of epoxidized linseed oil with dicarboxylic acids

et al. 2015

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The effect of systematically increasing chain length of a series of linear α, ω-dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) from C6 to C18 diacids and a cyclic diacid, Pripol 1009F, on thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant epoxy thermosets derived from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) are reported. Different techniques including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solvent extraction, FT-IR, NMR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are used in this study. The results indicated that the obtained epoxy resins were highly crosslinked polymers with only a small fraction of low molecular weight soluble materials. The glass transition temperature (Tg), tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break and toughness decreased while the thermal stability increased with respect to increasing chain length of DCAs. Interestingly, strain hardening was only observed for adipic acid (C6) sample for which the best mechanical properties observed.A systematic study of the synthesis and characterization of epoxy thermosets derived from ELO cured with different DCAs in the presence of DMAP at 160 o C for 1 h.

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“…Structure–property processing relationships in common epoxy–amine networks are generally well established with respect to variables such as aliphatic versus aromatic moieties, crosslink density,and substituent effects . For example, increasing aromaticity in a polymer network increases thermal stability and mechanical properties, while likely reducing processability through increased viscosity and reduced reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtle variations in the structure of crosslinked epoxy networks and the impact upon mechanical and thermal properties

Reyes

Zhang

Dao

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Presented here is an investigation of the structure-property relationships of crosslinked networks using three bi-functional glycidyl ether aromatic epoxy resins, two bi-aryl and one tri-aryl, cured with bi-and tri-aryl amines. Subtle changes to the monomer chemistry including changing aromatic substitution patterns from meta to para, methylene to isopropyl and isopropyl to ether were explored. Changing an epoxy resin backbone from methylene to isopropyl enhances backbone rigidity thus increasing glass transition temperature (T g ), yield strength, and strain despite reducing modulus. Changing meta-substitution to para increases T g and yield strain while leaving strength unaffected and reducing modulus. Changing isopropyl linkages to ether reduces modulus, strength, T g , and yield strain reflecting increased molecular flexibility. Using three instead of two aromatic rings increases the molecular weight between crosslinks thereby decreasing T g and yield strain while increasing modulus and strength. Despite the complexities of multiple systems for varying epoxy resins and amine hardeners, the effect upon network properties is explained in terms of short-and long-range molecular and segmental mobility, crosslink density, and equilibrium packing density.

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Effect of aromatic and aliphatic amines as curing agents in sulfone epoxy monomer curing process

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of aromatic substitution on the kinetics and properties of epoxy cured tri‐phenylether amines

Effect of aromatic substitution on the kinetics and properties of epoxy cured tri‐phenylether amines

New insights into the curing of epoxidized linseed oil with dicarboxylic acids

Subtle variations in the structure of crosslinked epoxy networks and the impact upon mechanical and thermal properties

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