Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculation on Growth of Apple (Malus ssp.) Seedlings.

Abstract

The means of enhancing the growth of seedlings of apples, Malus pumila Mill. var. domestica Schneid. (cv. McIntosh, American Summer Pearmain, Jonathan, Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, Fuji, Mutsu and Red Gold) and Malus sieboldii Rehd., through inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus [Glomus etunicatum (GE) and Gigaspora margarita (GM)] were investigated. Eight weeks after inoculation, AM fungus infection occurred in all combinations of apple cultivars and fungus species. The rate of AM fungus-infected portions in a whole root system were: 31.7% in 'Golden Delicious', 50.5% in 'Jonathan' in GE-inoculated plants, and 24.0% for Mains sieboldii Rehd., and 50.7% in 'Starking Delicious' in GM-inoculated ones. Plant height and dry weights of top and roots were greater in all GE-infected seedlings than in noninoculated ones. The GM-infected seedlings made larger height and weight increments than did the noninoculated ones in all seedlings except those of 'Golden Delicious' and Moans sieboldii Rehd.. In 'McIntosh' seedlings, plant growth enhancement through symbiosis clearly appeared associated with both fungi. With both fungal species, P concentrations in the top or roots were higher in infected plants than in noninoculated plants; the effect appeared more noticeably in roots than in top. Consequently, it was confirmed that GE and GM infections and their plant growth enhancement through symbiosis occurred with the seedling stage in several apple cultivars.

Colonisation of apple and blackcurrant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following mycorrhisation and the use of organic mulches

“…They found that mycorrhizal frequency in the roots of apple trees in organic orchards was higher (48.8%), and lower in the roots of trees growing in orchards managed by conventional methods (43.7%). Matsubara et al (1996) inoculated Malus pumila Mill. var.…”

Kajian Penggunaan Mikroorganisme Tanah Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan Pada Tanaman Karet

“…BBP2TP Ambon (2012) melaporkan bahwa diinokulasi mikoriza di daerah perakaran dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan Matsubara et al (1996) bahwa tanaman yang terinfeksi mikoriza memiliki tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot kering akar dan tajuk, konsentrasi P pada bagian akar maupun tajuk lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa mikoriza.…”

The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonisation on Nutrient Status, Growth, Productivity, and Canker Resistance of Apple (Malus pumila)

“…Initial work provides evidence that inoculation of young apple trees with AMF may reduce incidence of the fungal pathogens Dematophora necatrix and Botryosphaeria sp. ( Raj and Sharma, 2009 ; Krishna et al, 2010 ) and improve seedling growth rates and nutritional status ( Miller et al, 1985 ; An et al, 1993 ; Matsubara et al, 1996 ; Forge et al, 2001 ); however, these studies are of limited relevance to apple growers due to their short duration and as commercial apple trees are never grown from seedlings, but propagated clonally as grafted rootstocks and scions. Indeed, the extent to which interactions between the rootstock and scion, and their genetic identities, determines the magnitude of AMF induced benefits is almost entirely unknown ( Albacete et al, 2015 ).…”