Effect of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Deer Oil on Its Components and Its Protective Effect on Gastric Mucosa Injury

Abstract

In this study, deer suet fat was used as a raw material to study the effects of aqueous enzymatic extraction of deer oil on its components, followed by studies into the potential protective activity, and related molecular mechanisms of deer oil on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. The results show that aqueous enzymatic extraction of deer oil not only has a high extraction yield and has a small effect on the content of active ingredients. Deer oil can reduce total stomach injury. Without affecting the blood lipid level, it can reduce the oxidative stress, which is manifested by reducing the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and enhancing the activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It also enhances the expression of defense factors prostaglandin (E2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and somatostatin (SS), it inhibits apoptosis evidenced by the enhanced of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of cleavage of caspase-3 and Bax. At the same time, it reduces inflammation, which is manifested by reducing the expression of IL-1β, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gastric tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10, and inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa B (MAPK/NF-κB) signaling pathway in gastric tissue.

Panax quinquefolius Polysaccharides Ameliorate Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea Induced by Lincomycin Hydrochloride in Rats via the MAPK Signaling Pathways

“…Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (CP) alleviates liver inflammation in mice via beneficial regulation of gut microbiota and TLR4/MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that CP act as prebiotics in ameliorating the liver inflammation in mice through regulating the gut microbiota composition and increasing the concentration of SCFAs [ 58 ]. The protective effect of deer oil on alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury has also been explored by blocking the MAPK signaling pathway [ 59 ]. In this study, compared with those of the DM group, the p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 levels in the different WQP groups were substantially lower, showing that WQP is protective in the intestinal tract by blocking the MAPK inflammatory signaling pathway.…”

Optimization of Bear Oil Extraction Process and Hair Growth Activity

“…According to the previous literature [ 13 ], the extraction rate ( η , %) of bear grease could be calculated by Equation (1). where A and B denote the mass (g) of extracted bear oil and sample, respectively.…”

“…According to the previous literature [13], the extraction rate (η, %) of bear grease could be calculated by Equation (1).…”

Protective role of fruits of Rosa odorata var. gigantea against WIRS-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats by modulating pathway related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis

“…According to the survey, 20–60 people out of every 100 000 population suffer from gastric mucosa injury, accounting for 5%−10% of the world’s mortality ( Kim et al, 2021 ). The main causes of gastric mucosal damage are infection by Helicobacter pylori , the administration of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficiencies ( Xia et al, 2021 ). Many people are exposed to these risk factors, making them vulnerable to associated diseases such as gastritis, which can progress to gastric ulcers.…”