Effect of application technique, manure characteristics, weather and field conditions on ammonia volatilization from manure applied to grassland

Huijsmans, J.F.M.; Hol, J.M.G.; Hendriks, Margriet M. W. B.

doi:10.1016/s1573-5214(01)80021-x

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In terms of fertilising value, each kg of slurry N was equivalent to 0.46 kg of fertiliser N, which is within the usual range for this application technique (Schils and Kok 2003). The lower ANR of cattle slurry is partly caused by ammonia losses, which are typically around 5 to 10% of total N for the shallow injection technique (Huijsmans et al 2001). Furthermore approximately 50% of the slurry N is of organic origin with a low ANR in the year of application.…”

Section: Nitrogen Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 87%

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

et al. 2008

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Fertiliser and manure application are important sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from agricultural soils. The current default IPCC emission factor of 1.0% is independent of the type of fertiliser and manure, and application time, method and rate. However, in the IPCC Tiered system it is possible to use more specific emission factors that better reflect the actual fertiliser and manure management in a given country or region. The first and primary aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of cattle slurry injection with fertiliser application, which is common practice in intensively managed grasslands in the Netherlands and neighbouring countries, warrants an adjusted emission factor. A second aim was to evaluate whether alternative emission factors, based on N uptake and N surplus, respectively, give more insight in the N 2 O emission rates of various fertilisation strategies. In a 2-year field experiment on sandy soil in the Netherlands we measured the annual N 2 O emission from grasslands receiving repeated simultaneous applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry. The N 2 O fluxes and N uptake by grass were measured from plots receiving calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at four application rates, either with or without additional application of liquid cattle slurry, applied through shallow soil injection. The average emission factor for fertiliser-only treatments was 0.15%. The annual N 2 O emissions were similar for treatments receiving only fertiliser or only cattle slurry. In the first experimental year, application of cattle slurry increased the emission factor for fertiliser to 0.35%, but the second year showed no effect of cattle slurry on the emission from fertiliser. With regard to the first objective, we conclude that these results do not conclusively justify an adjusted emission factor for combined application of fertiliser and cattle slurry. To minimise risks however, it is sensible to avoid simultaneous application of fertiliser and cattle slurry. The N 2 O emission factor expressed as percentage of kg N uptake by grass was consistently higher after combined application of fertiliser and cattle slurry (0.29%), compared to fertiliser-only (0.17%). With regard to the second objective we conclude that an emission factor based on N uptake expresses the relatively inefficient N supply of cattle slurry to crop growth better than the traditional emission factor based on N application.

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Section: Nitrogen Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 87%

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

et al. 2008

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“…The ammonia emission rate from fields fertilized with manure slurry peaks within the first 24 h after applying the manure slurry in the field. This is probably because the volatile ammonia is already present in the manure slurry when it is applied to the field (Huijsmans et al 2001;McGinn and Sommer 2007;Rochette et al 2009;Salazar et al 2014). In contrast, the ammonia emission rate from the fields applied with synthetic urea fertilizer is more variable, and the maximum rate is not reached before 48 h to 12 days after fertilizing the field, as urea must first be hydrolyzed by the microbial urease present in the soil (Rochette et al 2009;Salazar et al 2014).…”

Section: Urine-derived Versus Synthetic Urea As Fertilizermentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

Sigurdarson

Svane

Karring

2018

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

237

129

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Ammonia emissions from the agricultural sector give rise to numerous environmental and societal concerns and represent an economic challenge in crop farming, causing a loss of fertilizer nitrogen. Ammonia emissions from agriculture originate from manure slurry (livestock housing, storage, and fertilization of fields) as well as urea-based mineral fertilizers. Consequently, political attention has been given to ammonia volatilization, and regulations of ammonia emissions have been implemented in several countries. The molecular cause of the emission is the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbonic acid. Urease is present in many different organisms, encompassing bacteria, fungi, and plants. In agriculture, microorganisms found in animal fecal matter and soil are responsible for urea hydrolysis. One strategy to reduce ammonia emissions is the application of urease inhibitors as additives to urea-based synthetic fertilizers and manure slurry to block the formation of ammonia. However, treatment of the manure slurry with urease inhibitors is associated with increased livestock production costs and has not yet been commercialized. Thus, development of novel, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies for ammonia emission mitigation is important. This mini-review describes the challenges associated with the volatilization of ammonia in agriculture and provides an overview of the molecular processes of urea hydrolysis and ammonia emissions. Different technologies and strategies to reduce ammonia emissions are described with a special focus on the use of urease inhibitors. The mechanisms of action and efficiency of the most important urease inhibitors in relation to agriculture will be briefly discussed.

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“…It comprises values between 4 % to almost 100 % (e.g. Pain et al, 1989;Braschkat et al, 1997;Génermont et al, 1998;Menzi et al, 1998;Huijsmans et al, 2001;Søgaard et al, 2002;Huijsmans et al, 2003;Misselbrook et al, 2002Misselbrook et al, , 2005aSanz et al, 2010;Spirig et al, 2010;Uusi-Kämppä and Mattila, 2010). The strong stickiness of the polar NH 3 molecule complicates measurements of ambient NH 3 concentrations (Parrish and Fehsenfeld, 2000;von Bobrutzki et al, 2010) and consequently fluxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

et al. 2011

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Abstract.At a cropland and a grassland site field scale ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from slurry application were determined simultaneously by two approaches based on (i) eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements using high temperature Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HT-CIMS) and on (ii) backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) dispersion modelling using concentration measurements by three optical open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) systems. Slurry was spread on the fields in sequential tracks over a period of one to two hours. In order to calculate field emissions, measured EC/HT-CIMS fluxes were combined with flux footprint analysis of individual slurry spreading tracks to parameterise the NH 3 volatilisation with a bi-exponential time dependence. Accordingly, track-resolved concentration footprints for the FTIR measurements were calculated using bLS. A consistency test with concentrations measured by impingers showed very low systematic deviations for the EC/HT-CIMS results (<8 %) but larger deviations for the bLS/FTIR results. For both slurry application events, the period during fertilisation and the subsequent two hours contributed by more than 80 % to the total field emissions. Averaged over the two measurement methods, the cumulated emissions of the first day amounted to 17 ± 3 % loss of applied total ammoniacal nitrogen over the cropland and 16 ± 3 % over the grassland field.

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Effect of application technique, manure characteristics, weather and field conditions on ammonia volatilization from manure applied to grassland

Cited by 78 publications

References 12 publications

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

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