Effect of apple cider vinegar agent on the microstructure, phase evolution, and magnetic properties of CoFe₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract

In the present study, spinel structure CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sol‐gel auto‐combustion technique. The effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) addition as an organic biocompatible agent on the size, morphology, and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated in detail. The phase evolution, particle size, and lattice parameter changes of the synthesized phase have been estimated by using Rietveld structure refinement analysis of X‐ray powder diffraction data. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR) of the samples verified the presence of two expected bands correspond to tetrahedral and octahedral metal‐oxygen complexes within the spinel structure. Furthermore, microstructural observations revealed that ultrafine particles have a semi‐spherical morphology. It was shown that the particles size decreased from ~45 to ~17 nm with an increase in the amount of ACV. Magnetic properties were carried out by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Both the saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) were found to be significantly dependent on the crystallite size and the amount of ACV.

Physical and Magnetic Properties Comparison of Cobalt Ferrite Nanopowder Using Sol-gel and Sonochemical Methods

“…Changes in the curve are thought to be due to the sintering temperature which has exceeded its temperature (520℃) [7] thereby reducing Mr and HC; the change was due to the transition from a single domain to multi-domain [14]. The transition change was caused by the critical diameter of CoFe2O4 that was 40 nm according to Figure 7, and thus, after passing the critical diameter, the coercivity was reduced [24,25].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method

“…The spinel ferrites have a cubic unit cell containing 56 atoms, where 32 of them are oxygen anions, and the other 24 atoms are metallic cations of which only eight occupy tetrahedral sites (A-site) while the other 16 atoms occupy octahedral sites (B-site) [ 12 , 13 ]. Among spinel ferrite nanoparticles, pure cobalt ferrite and its substituted compounds have attracted the considerable attention of numerous researchers in recent decades due to the reliable saturation magnetization ( M s ) [ 14 ], moderate magnetocrystalline anisotropy ( K ) [ 15 , 16 ], high coercivity ( H c ) [ 17 ], high Curie temperature ( T c ) [ 18 ], and thermal stability [ 19 , 20 ]. It is accepted that the chemical, electrical, and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are dependent on the chemical composition, cation distribution in the two sub-lattices of A- and B-sites, morphology, surface properties, and preparation method [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Impact of Mg‐Zr substitution on the magnetic and microwave absorption properties of BaFe12‐2xMgxZrxO19 (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 1.5)

“…Magnetic nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention during the recent past thanks to their wide range of application in various industries and biomedical premises 1‐6 . As an illustration, magnetic materials have been utilized in the batteries, electrical display, molecular electrical parts, nonlinear optical materials, sensors, electromagnetic shielding materials, and microwave absorption agent, etc M‐type hexaferrites (AFe 12 O 19 ) are a group of complex oxide materials, where A is most often Ba or Sr The structure of M hexaferrites (BaFe 12 O 19 ) consists of R and S blocks.…”