Effect of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus on Yield and Quality of Fruits From 'Golden Delicious' and 'Sampion' Apple Trees

Cieślińska, M.; Rutkowski, K.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2008.781.17

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Virus diseases have long threatened sustainable development of apple production (Hadidi & Barba, ). Apple virus infection was found to induce graft incompatibility, reduce bud break and growth vigour, induce lethal decline, cause premature drop of leaves and eventually result in about 15–50% of yield loss, depending on types of virus and cultivars, and poor fruit quality (Cieślińska & Rutkowski, ; Hadidi & Barba, ). Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), the two latent viruses, are among the serious viruses attacking apple (Jelkmann & Paunovic, ; Massart et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virus‐free apple plants have been and are being widely used in major apple production countries including Europe (EPPO, ) and North America (Mink et al , ). Use of virus‐free plants proved to promote plant growth vigour, and increase fruit yield and quality (Koike et al , ; Cieślińska & Rutkowski, ), thus bringing great benefits to the apple growers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shoot tip culture and cryopreservation for eradication ofApple stem pitting virus(ASPV) andApple stem grooving virus(ASGV) from apple rootstocks ‘M9’ and ‘M26’

Feng

et al. 2015

Ann Appl Biol

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This study attempted to eradicate Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) from virus-infected in vitro shoots of apple rootstocks 'M9' and 'M26' using shoot tip culture and cryopreservation. In shoot tip culture, shoot tips (0.2 mm in length) containing two leaf primordia failed to show shoot regrowth. Although shoot regrowth rate was the highest in the largest shoot tips (1.0 mm in length) containing four leaf primordia, none of the regenerated shoots was virus-free. Shoot tips (0.5 mm in length) containing two and three leaf primordia produced 100% and 10% of ASPV-free shoots, respectively, while those (1.0 mm) containing four leaf primordia were not able to eradicate ASPV. ASGV could not be eradicated by shoot tip culture, regardless of the size of the shoot tips tested. In cryopreservation, shoot tips (0.5 mm in length) containing two leaf primordia did not resume shoot growth. Although 1.0-mm and 1.5-mm shoot tips gave similarly high ASPV-free frequencies, the latter had much higher shoot regrowth rate than the former. Very similar results of shoot regrowth and virus eradication by shoot tip culture and cryopreservation were observed in both 'M9' and 'M26'. Histological observations showed that only cells in upper part of apical dome and in leaf primordia 1-3 survived, while other cells were damaged or killed, in shoot tips following cryopreservation. Virus immunolocalization found ASPV was not detected in upper part of apical dome and leaf primordia 1 and 2, but was present in lower part of apical dome, and in leaf primordium 4 and more developed tissues in all samples tested. ASPV was also detected in leaf primordium 3 in about 16.7% and 13.3% samples tested in 'M9' and 'M26'. ASGV was observed in apical dome and leaf primordia 1-6, leaving only a few top layers of cells in apical dome free of the virus. Different abilities of ASPV and ASGV to invade leaf petioles and shoot tips were also noted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot tip culture and cryopreservation for eradication ofApple stem pitting virus(ASPV) andApple stem grooving virus(ASGV) from apple rootstocks ‘M9’ and ‘M26’

Feng

et al. 2015

Ann Appl Biol

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“…In this context, apple viral diseases, which are among the main factors restricting healthy and sustainable development in apple cultivation [2], have received much attention. Viral infection of an apple tree damages normal cell proliferation, therefore seriously restricting the growth potential and other physiological mechanisms; it also reduces apple quality and yield, with consequent adverse implications for the apple industry [3][4][5]. Viruses can spread from infected plants to their offspring through asexual reproduction, or to healthy plants via insect vectors [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined thermotherapy and cryotherapy: an effective method for the eradication of three common viruses in cultivated apples

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Yan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Apple virus disease is a serious problem affecting apple quality and crop production efficiency, and solutions are being actively and urgently explored. In particular, the cultivation of virus-free seedlings is being increasingly explored as an important technical method for facilitating the virus-free breeding of excellent apple cultivars. In this study, the apple cultivars ‘Ruiyang’, ‘Ruixue’, ‘Rui Xianghong’, and ‘Qinyue’ were used as source materials to compare the effectiveness of thermotherapy and combined thermo- and cryotherapy in eradicating apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV). Results Viral presence in the in vitro shoots of the four apple cultivars was detected using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All four cultivars were found to carry ASGV and ACLSV, and ‘Rui Xianghong’ and ‘Qinyue’ additionally carried ASPV. In vitro shoots of the four cultivars were subjected to varying periods of thermotherapy (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks). Shoot tips were then removed and half were cultured directly, and the remainder were cultured after cryotherapy treatment; their survival and regeneration rates were then evaluated to determine the efficiency of virus eradication after 8 months of subculture. We showed that the eradication of viruses in each of the cultivars and their survival rate are both the highest after 4 weeks of thermotherapy. When combined with cryotherapy, application of this period of thermotherapy achieved a 100% eradication of ASPV and ACLSV, and over 50% of ASGV. Conclusions This study demonstrated an effective methodology for developing both new virus-free plant materials and new apple cultivars that will support sustainability of the apple production industry in China and globally.

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“…Unlike other diseases caused by fungi and bacteria, virus diseases are hardly controlled by application of chemicals, once the trees are infected. At present, use of virus‐free planting materials is pivotal for the control of apple viral diseases, which proved to promote plant growth vigour and increase fruit yield and quality (Cieslińska & Rutkowski, ; Koike, Makita, Tsukahara, & Sukahara, ), thus bringing great benefits to the apple growers. Heat treatment of plants in vivo or in vitro reduces virus titres and improves the efficiency of virus eradication (Hu, Dong et al., ; Hu, Zhang et al., ; Mink, Wample, & Howell, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ASGV, ACLSV and ASPV are latent in most apple cultivars, they cause economically important diseases in some of them (Desvignes, 1999;Menzel, Jelkmann, & Maiss, 2002;Walia, Dhir, Ram, Zaidi, & Hallan, 2014). Apple virus infection was found to induce graft incompatibility, reduce bud break and growth vigour, induce lethal decline, cause premature drop of leaves and eventually result in approximately 15%-50% of yield loss, depending on types of virus and cultivars (Cieslińska & Rutkowski, 2008;Hadidi & Barba, 2011). ASGV, ACLSV and ASPV are usually latent in most apple cultivars used in commercial plantations (Desvignes, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of virus elimination from apple by thermotherapy coupled with in vivo shoot‐tip grafting and in vitro meristem culture

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2017

Journal of Phytopathology

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Ten varieties of potted apple were subjected to thermotherapy coupled with in vitro meristem culture and in vivo shoot‐tip grafting. Using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays prior to treatment, all treated apple varieties were infected by more than two viruses, and nine of ten varieties were infected by Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV). After treatment, the survivals of the two methods were more different. Total survival rates of the seven apple varieties (YF9, XYF3, X2001, GL, HF, A123 and ZZ5) treated by thermotherapy coupled with in vitro meristem culture were 25.9% (14/54). The survival rate of YF9, XYF3, X2001, GL, YF6, JJ and XNH treated by thermotherapy coupled with in vivo shoot‐tip grafting was from 33.3% to 75.0%, and the average rate (63.0%, 34/54) was twice than that of meristem culture. The virus‐free apple plants were acquired only from in vitro variety HF and A123, and the elimination rate of A123 was highest, up to 71.4% (5/7). Fourteen apple survival grafting plants from five varieties (YF9, XYF3, X2001, YF6 and XNH) were detected virus‐free. The average elimination rate of the meristem culture and shoot‐tip grafting was very close, 42.9% (6/14) and 41.2% (14/34), respectively.

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Effect of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus on Yield and Quality of Fruits From 'Golden Delicious' and 'Sampion' Apple Trees

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Shoot tip culture and cryopreservation for eradication ofApple stem pitting virus(ASPV) andApple stem grooving virus(ASGV) from apple rootstocks ‘M9’ and ‘M26’

Shoot tip culture and cryopreservation for eradication ofApple stem pitting virus(ASPV) andApple stem grooving virus(ASGV) from apple rootstocks ‘M9’ and ‘M26’

Combined thermotherapy and cryotherapy: an effective method for the eradication of three common viruses in cultivated apples

Efficacy of virus elimination from apple by thermotherapy coupled with in vivo shoot‐tip grafting and in vitro meristem culture

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