“…Other factors that may be associated with aortic valve disease include: age [3,4,12,13], male sex [4,11], obesity [12], uremia [26], elevated calcium [27], elevated parathyroid hormone [3,28], osteoporosis [3,4], Paget disease [29], significant renal failure [26,30], elevated homocysteine [31], presence of apolipoprotein E4 allele [32], increase in C reactive protein concentrations [33], presence of matrix metalloproteinases [34][35][36] and presence of cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 [37].…”