“…While some studies suggest that music is an effective anxiety reduction tool, other studies provide evidence of individual and varied physiological responses. A number of studies have reported no significant effects of listening to music on physiological indices (Barnason, Zimmerman, & Nieveen, 1995;Oyama, Sato, Judo, Spingte, & Droh, 1987). Jellison (1975) exposed college students to background music and found a decrease in subjective anxiety levels, but no expected changes in blood pressure, finger pulse volume, pulse rate, or skin conductance.…”