Effect of antibiotics on gut microbiota, glucose metabolism and body weight regulation: a review of the literature

Mikkelsen, Kristian Hallundbæk; Allin, Kristine H.; Knop, Filip K.

doi:10.1111/dom.12637

Cited by 69 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…There are obvious changes in gut microbiota of patients with obesity, and these changes may precede the clinical manifestation of obesity (13). Antibiotics can result in obvious alterations in the gut microbiota and even gut dysbiosis, which may further result in obesity or other metabolic disorders (12, 14, 15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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A number of studies have previously assessed the impact of antibiotic exposure in early life on the risk of childhood obesity, but no systematic assessment is currently available. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate the risk of childhood obesity caused by antibiotic exposure in early life. Literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the statistical estimates. Fifteen cohort studies involving 445,880 participants were finally included, and all those studies were performed in developed countries. Antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increased risk of childhood overweight [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.35, P < 0.001] and childhood obesity (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.30, P < 0.001). Antibiotic exposure in early life also significantly increased the z-score of childhood body mass index (mean difference: 0.07, 95% CI 0.05–0.09, P < 0.00001). Importantly, there was an obvious dose–response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood adiposity, with a 7% increment in the risk of overweight (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.03) and a 6% increment in the risk of obesity (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, P < 0.001) for each additional course of antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increases risk of childhood obesity. Moreover, current analyses are mainly taken from developed countries, and therefore the impact of antibiotic exposure on risk of childhood obesity in vulnerable populations or developing countries still needs to be evaluated in future studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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“…While the human intestinal microbiome is dominated by the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (representing more than 90% of the total bacterial population) and with Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Cyanobacteria generally being present in minor proportions (6), the exact composition can vary widely between individuals. Contributing factors to this variation are (1) the host’s genetic make-up (7), (2) early-life environmental conditions under which the host was born and nourished (i.e., cesarean section versus vaginal delivery, breast milk versus infant formula feeding, perinatal stress) (8–11), (3) the type and intensity of antibiotic treatment the host has undergone (12), and (4) the microbial composition that appears to change slowly with age (13–15). Whereas the acquired microbial abundance and diversity was initially thought to be relatively stable and withstand sudden perturbations (16, 17), it was found more recently that changes in the diet can affect microbial composition after its initial establishment (18–20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Supplemental Complex Dietary Carbohydrates and Gut Microbiota in Promoting Cardiometabolic and Immunological Health in Obesity: Lessons from Healthy Non-Obese Individuals

2017

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Dietary supplementation with complex carbohydrates is known to alter the composition of gut microbiota, and optimal implementation of the use of these so called “prebiotics” could be of great potential in prevention and possibly treatment of obesity and associated cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases via changes in the gut microbiota. An alternative to this “microbiocentric view” is the idea that health-promoting effects of certain complex carbohydrates reside in the host, and could secondarily affect the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota. To circumvent this potential interpretational problem, we aimed at providing an overview about whether and how dietary supplementation of different complex carbohydrates changes the gut microbiome in healthy non-obese individuals. We then reviewed whether the reported changes in gut bacterial members found to be established by complex carbohydrates would benefit or harm the cardiometabolic and immunological health of the host taking into account the alterations in the microbiome composition and abundance known to be associated with obesity and its associated disorders. By combining these research areas, we aimed to give a better insight into the potential of (foods containing) complex carbohydrates in the treatment and prevention of above-mentioned diseases. We conclude that supplemental complex carbohydrates that increase Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, without increasing the deleterious Bacteroides, are most likely promoting cardiometabolic and immunological health in obese subjects. Because certain complex carbohydrates also affect the host’s immunity directly, it is likely that host–microbiome interactions in determination of health and disease characteristics are indeed bidirectional. Overall, this review article shows that whereas it is relatively clear in which direction supplemental fermentable carbohydrates can alter the gut microbiome, the relevance of these changes regarding health remains controversial. Future research should take into account the different causes of obesity and its adverse health conditions, which in turn have drastic effects on the microbiome balance.

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“…Even though current studies of the correlation of antibiotic use with the development of diabetes are inconclusive [52], it becomes necessary to consider the additional influence of non-antibiotics in order to obtain a clearer picture both of the positive and negative side effects of the very different classes of non-antibiotics: pharmaceutical compounds, foods, food additives, chemicals in our environment, etc. and their possible interactions with each other or with the classical "antibiotics".…”

Section: Consequences Of the Two-sided Effect Of Psychotherapeutic Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Accepted “Clinical Interaction Model”: A Special Case of Reality

Jeh¹,

Fey²

2017

J Bioequiv Availab

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Effect of antibiotics on gut microbiota, glucose metabolism and body weight regulation: a review of the literature

Cited by 69 publications

References 109 publications

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Role of Supplemental Complex Dietary Carbohydrates and Gut Microbiota in Promoting Cardiometabolic and Immunological Health in Obesity: Lessons from Healthy Non-Obese Individuals

The Accepted “Clinical Interaction Model”: A Special Case of Reality

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