Effect of anti‐thymocyte serum on development of gingivitis in dogs

Nobréus, Nils; Attström, Rolf; Egelberg, Jan

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00677.x

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The two experiments related in this study agree that periodontal bone support in nude rats was not significantly different from that seen in normal and thymus-reconstituted nude rats. These results are in line with previous studies in T cell-deficient rats (4,5,8,29) and dogs (34,35), and indicate that T lymphocytes do not interfere substantially with the development of periodontal bone loss. However, other workers consistently find that nude rats are more prone to periodontal bone loss than normal and T cell-reconstituted rats (6, 7), and that normal rats adoptively transferred with sensitized T cells also have more bone loss (36), suggesting a crucial role for T cells in periodontal health and disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased periodontal bone loss in temporarily B lymphocyte‐deficient rats

Klausen

Hougen

Fiehn

1989

J of Periodontal Research

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In order to study the role of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the development of marginal periodontitis, experiments were performed on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) rats with various immunologic profiles. The study comprised nude (congenitally T lymphocyte-deficient), thymus-grafted nude (T-lymphocyte reconstituted), anti-mu treated (temporarily B lymphocyte-deficient), and normal rats. When they were 5 to 9 weeks old, some of the rats were inoculated with Actinomyces viscosus. Bacteroides gingivalis and a strain of oral spirochetes; 90 days later they were killed. A. viscosus and B. gingivalis colonized readily, but the spirochete strain could not be established permanently in the oral cavity of the rats, 95% of the inoculated rats raised serum IgG or IgM antibody against one or more of the microorganisms; nude rats tended to raise less antibody than the three other experimental groups. Inoculated rats had significantly less periodontal bone support than controls. Anti-mu treated inoculated rats had significantly less periodontal bone support than nude and normal rats, whereas no difference was found between normal, nude, and thymus-grafted rats. It is concluded that permanent T-lymphocyte deficiency did not interfere with the development of periodontal disease in this model, whereas a temporary and moderate reduction in B-lymphocyte numbers seemed to predispose for aggravation of periodontal bone loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased periodontal bone loss in temporarily B lymphocyte‐deficient rats

Klausen

Hougen

Fiehn

1989

J of Periodontal Research

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“…Several studies have recently described protective or destructive aspects of T cells in periodontal disease in rodents (3,17,21,(25)(26)(27)30). In each of these cases the T-cell regulatory balance was probably altered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent, induced more bone loss in rats (30). The injection of antithymus globulin into dogs did not greatly influence the development or maintenance of gingivitis (25,26). We believe that many of these observations can be unified by relating the development of periodontal disease to an imbalance among T-lymphocyte subpopulations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Periodontal bone loss and immune characteristics of congenitally athymic and thymus cell-reconstituted athymic rats

Yoshie¹,

Taubman²,

Ebersole³

et al. 1985

Infect Immun

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We investigated the ability to reconstitute the T-cell deficiency in congenitally athymic (nude; rnu/rnu) Rowett rats by intravenous injection of 10(7) heterozygous normal (rnu/+) rat thymus cells. The thymus cell-reconstituted animals showed essentially normal lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin P and concanavalin A, normal spleen and lymph node T-lymphocyte distribution, and normal serum immunoglobulin G levels. These rats were used to study the effect of T-cell deficiency on periodontal disease. Animals with minimal oral flora were divided into three groups: nude, thymus cell-reconstituted nude, and normal rats. Immune response, gingival inflammation, and periodontal bone loss were examined in these animals. Less than 40% of the T cells recovered from the normal rat gingiva could be recovered from the nude rat gingiva. In contrast to the situation in normal or thymus cell-reconstituted rat gingiva, B cells were vastly predominant in the nude rat gingiva, with approximately four B cells for each T cell. There was increased periodontal bone loss in the nude rats compared with that in the normal rats. Thymus cell reconstitution of the nude rats was associated with decreased bone destruction. It is suggested that T cells have a regulatory function in relation to the potentially excessive B-cell response to abundant antigen and polyclonal activators in the oral cavity.

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“…28 The lesions in rats could be passively transferred with sensitized cells and not with serum.3 Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced disease in sensitized dogs could be suppressed by anti-thymocyte serum. 29 In mice, only animals demonstrating a cellmediated immune (CMI) response to the superinfecting micro-organism developed bone loss.30 Analysis of our data indicates that a single antigen administered to animals otherwise germ-free and antigen-free can result in enhanced periodontal bone loss, as can pre-sensitization prior to antigen administration.4'22 Evidence implicating CMI in periodontal disease involved the demonstration that lymphokines (produced after oral antigen stimulation) gave rise to some symptoms of periodontal disease. In addition, macrophage migration inhibition factor8, osteoclast activating factor (OAF)2, lymphotoxin9, and collagenase stimulating activityl0 can be produced by cells involved in the response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Host Response in Experimental Periodontal Disease

Taubman¹,

Yoshie²,

Ebersole³

et al. 1984

J Dent Res

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Experiments were performed to determine the role of the immune response in rat periodontal disease. Germ-free rats were fed defined antigen-free liquid diets or a diet containing ovalbumin(OVA) as a prototype antigen. The OVA-fed rats demonstrated increased gingival lymphocytes (mainly T at early times), OVA-sensitized spleen cells, and increased periodontal bone loss. In further studies, rats pre-sensitized with OVA, and receiving OVA in the diet, showed elevated IgG antibody, sensitized spleen cells, and elevated periodontal bone loss scores. The concept that bone loss was due to mixed hypersensitivity reaction is consistent with the periodontal pathology. The effects of pre-immunization with A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) on periodontal bone loss in Actinobacillus (Aa) - infected rats was examined. Delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) was present in immunized rats throughout the experimental period. Sham-immunized rats showed DTH after 30 days of infection. In addition, immunized rats showed elevated bone loss scores. These experiments support the contention that a combination of hypersensitivity reactions (i.e., mixed hypersensitivity to Aa) could give rise to the periodontal pathology observed. Congenitally athymic rats (nude) were shown to have more periodontal bone loss than did normal littermates. However, bone loss in thymus-cell reconstituted nude rats was not different from that in control rats. Normal rats receiving Aa-sensitized T lymphocytes prior to infection with Aa demonstrated increased DTH and periodontal bone loss. These studies support the concept that T-cell functions and thymic regulation of immune responses can exert protective and/or destructive effects in periodontal disease. In order to modify disease, it will be necessary to enhance the protective aspects of the immune response and to minimize the detrimental aspects.

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Effect of anti‐thymocyte serum on development of gingivitis in dogs

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Increased periodontal bone loss in temporarily B lymphocyte‐deficient rats

Increased periodontal bone loss in temporarily B lymphocyte‐deficient rats

Periodontal bone loss and immune characteristics of congenitally athymic and thymus cell-reconstituted athymic rats

Host Response in Experimental Periodontal Disease

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