Effect of Anti-Aging Standard Forest Healing Program With Multiple Visits to a Forest Facility on Cognition in Older Age Patients

Abstract

Background and purpose The anti-aging standard forest healing program (ASFHP), which uses forest therapy, was reported to be effective in improving psychological, physical, and cognitive functions. However, there are several challenges to directly visiting the forest. This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-session ASFHP with forest visit on the mental and physical health of the older people with visits to forest facilities and compared them with those of the same program conducted indoors. Methods Individuals aged over 70 years with concerns about cognitive decline were recruited at dementia relief centers and divided into control and experimental groups. A total of 33 people were administered ASFHP under the supervision of a forest therapy instructor. The control group stayed indoors, while the experimental group visited a forest healing center and repeated the program 20 weeks. Results The multiple-session ASFHP positively affected cognitive impairment screening test (CIST) total scores ( p =0.002), memory ( p =0.014), Korean version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status total scores ( p <0.001), immediate recall ( p =0.001), visuospatial/construction ( p <0.001), language ( p <0.001), forest healing standard questionnaire total scores ( p =0.002), and cognitive function ( p =0.019), regardless of location. The forest visits during the ASFHP showed positive effects on orientation ( p =0.035), delayed recall ( p =0.042), emotional stability ( p =0.032), physical activity ( p =0.005), and health ( p =0.022). The CIST scores of the memory domain were the strongest indicator of the multiple-session ASFHP effects. Conclusions The 20-week multi-session ASFHP with forest visit showed effects on cognitive improvement and physical and emotional stability compared to indoor education.