“…Metformin is known to develop gastrointestinal side effects; rosiglitazone increases the cardiovascular risk (Nissen & Wolski, 2007) and pioglitazone increases the risk of bladder cancer (Lewis et al, 2011). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and eugenol) are phenolic phytochemicals that have drawn considerable interest from pharmacological and food industries due to their various antioxidant and pharmacological properties, and their potential role in reducing the risk of several degenerative diseases with no side effects (Martineau et al, 2010;Villasante et al, 2016;Wiesner et al, 2001). Most importantly these derivatives are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are mainly present in human dietary sources such as wheat, oat, rice, coffee seed, artichoke, pineapple, peanut, and bamboo shoot (Kumar & Pruthi, 2014;Liu, 2004).…”