Effect of Anterior Capsular Laxity on Horizontal Abduction and Forceful Internal Impingement in a Cadaveric Model of the Throwing Shoulder

Mihata, Teruhisa; McGarry, Michelle H.; Neo, Masashi; Ohue, Mutsumi; Lee, Thay Q.

doi:10.1177/0363546515582025

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Finally, a more horizontally abducted glove arm shoulder at phase 2 will cause increased external rotation moment during phase 4. While there is a known linkage between pitching shoulder horizontal abduction and external rotation moment [19], the relationship seen in this study implies that the upper trunk acts as a system. During the pitching motion, shoulder horizontal abduction between the glove arm and pitching arm appears to be an interconnected mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The Influence of an Active Glove Arm in Softball Pitching: A Biomechanical Evaluation

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether glove arm kinematics during a windmill softball pitch impact pelvic and trunk kinematics as well as pitching arm shoulder kinetics. Thirty-Nine college softball pitchers (20.0±1.4 yrs.; 174.7±6.1 cm; 82.0±13.0 kg; 10.7±2.7 yrs. of experience) threw 3 pitches to a catcher while kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Pearson product moment correlations were run, and significant correlations found with glove arm kinematics, occurring before pelvis kinematics, trunk kinematics, and shoulder kinetics, were then put through a linear regression to identify whether there was any potential cause and effect. Results revealed that glove arm elbow flexion during phase 1 significantly predicted normalized shoulder rotation moment during phase 4 (t=2.60, p=0.013). Additionally, glove arm shoulder horizontal abduction during phase 1 significantly predicted normalized shoulder moment in phase 3 (t=− 2.40, p=0.021) and pelvic angular velocity during phase 3 (t=− 3.20, p=0.003). In conclusion, an active glove arm was predictive of a more efficient kinetic chain later in the windmill pitching motion and could possibly play a role in preventing injury by lessening pitching shoulder joint loads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

The Influence of an Active Glove Arm in Softball Pitching: A Biomechanical Evaluation

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, repetitive higher-magnitude loading of the anterior tissues of the shoulder that are associated with excessive horizontal abduction might contribute to the development of anterior shoulder instability through repeated stretching of the anterior capsular ligament based on the combination of excessive external rotation and horizontal abduction. 15,16 Although some pitchers reported that the moderate anterior shoulder laxity improves their pitching performance, 25 excessive anterior instability of the shoulder is thought to be a primary factor leading to several pitching-related shoulder injuries. 12 We demonstrated that among adolescent baseball pitchers, a higher angle of shoulder horizontal abduction at ball release was correlated most closely with the magnitude of the anterior component of the shoulder force.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Shoulder Behavior From the Viewpoint of Minimized Shoulder Joint Load Among Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

et al. 2018

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“…The high rate of shoulder or elbow pain after Little Leaguer's shoulder might result from anterior capsular or muscular tightness, which may change shoulder biomechanics, such as humeral head position or glenohumeral translation, during throwing motion. [15][16][17][18][19] A previous 3-dimensional analysis using computed tomography showed that in baseball players with shoulder or elbow surgeries, the humerus was retroverted mainly proximally in the dominant compared with the nondominant shoulder, 12 suggesting that some of those injured baseball players might have had Little Leaguer's shoulder during elementary or junior high school.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humeral Retroversion and Injury Risk After Proximal Humeral Epiphysiolysis (Little Leaguer’s Shoulder)

Ito¹,

Mihata

Hosokawa³

et al. 2019

Am J Sports Med

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Background: The increased humeral retroversion on the dominant side of throwing athletes is thought to result from repetitive throwing motion. Little Leaguer’s shoulder—a rotational stress fracture of the proximal humeral epiphyseal plate—may influence the risk of humeral retroversion and injury of the shoulder or elbow joint. Purpose: To investigate the effect of Little Leaguer’s shoulder on humeral retroversion and the rates of shoulder and elbow injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: 10 high school baseball players (average age, 16.6 years; range, 16-18 years) who had experienced Little Leaguer’s shoulder during elementary or junior high school (average age, 12.6 years; range, 11-15 years) were enrolled in the study. As a control group, 22 high school baseball players (average age, 16.9 years; range, 16-18 years) who had never had any shoulder or elbow injury during elementary and junior high school were included. Humeral retroversion on ultrasonographic measurement, shoulder range of motion, and rates of shoulder and elbow injuries were evaluated. Results: Humeral retroversion was significantly greater on the dominant side than on the nondominant side in both players with Little Leaguer’s shoulder (dominant, 104°± 8°; nondominant, 84°± 12°; P < .001) and controls (dominant, 91°± 13°; nondominant, 81°± 10°; P < .001). In the dominant shoulder, humeral retroversion was greater in the Little Leaguer’s shoulder group than in the control group ( P = .008). When the effects of humeral retroversion were excluded, maximal external rotation was significantly less in the dominant shoulder than in the nondominant shoulder in the Little Leaguer’s shoulder group (by 11°± 12°, P = .02), whereas no significant difference was found between dominant (110°± 11°) and nondominant (111°± 13°) shoulders in the control group ( P = .64). The rates of shoulder and elbow pain were significantly higher in the Little Leaguer’s shoulder group (shoulder pain 80%, elbow pain 70%) than in the control group (shoulder pain 9%, P < .001; elbow pain 32%, P = .04). Conclusion: Humeral retroversion was increased in baseball players without any history of shoulder or elbow injury during elementary and junior high school and was further increased in players who had had Little Leaguer’s shoulder. Increased humeral retroversion after Little Leaguer’s shoulder may be a risk factor for future shoulder or elbow injury.

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Effect of Anterior Capsular Laxity on Horizontal Abduction and Forceful Internal Impingement in a Cadaveric Model of the Throwing Shoulder

Abstract: Increased anterior capsular laxity may exacerbate forceful internal impingement during the late cocking phase of the throwing motion.

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

The Influence of an Active Glove Arm in Softball Pitching: A Biomechanical Evaluation

The Influence of an Active Glove Arm in Softball Pitching: A Biomechanical Evaluation

Estimation of Shoulder Behavior From the Viewpoint of Minimized Shoulder Joint Load Among Adolescent Baseball Pitchers

Humeral Retroversion and Injury Risk After Proximal Humeral Epiphysiolysis (Little Leaguer’s Shoulder)

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